Análisis crítico del currículo escolar en Chile en función de la justicia social
Análisis crítico del currículo escolar en Chile en función de la justicia social
Authors
Mujica Johnson, Felipe
Authors
Date
2020
Datos de publicación:
10.15359/ree.24-1.25
Keywords
Educación formal - Aprendizaje - Docencia - Positivismo - Evaluación del currículo - Estandarización
Collections
Abstract
La educación escolar en Chile se encuentra compuesta por un currículo que responde esencialmente a un enfoque positivista, denominado pedagogía por objetivos. Por consiguiente, el estudiantado es clasificado según su rendimiento académico y se le prepara para competir en diferentes pruebas estandarizadas, las cuales se encuentran condicionadas a estímulos económicos y a la oportunidad de continuar los estudios en la educación superior. Ante esta situación, el objetivo de este ensayo fue analizar en forma crítica los objetivos de aprendizaje y la evaluación del currículo escolar chileno en función de la perspectiva de la justicia social. En el inicio del análisis se describe la inadecuada estandarización del currículo, ya que los objetivos de aprendizaje se caracterizan por su ambigüedad y, en cuanto a las evaluaciones sumativas, no existen lineamientos ministeriales claros. Así, se argumenta que esto produce una competencia desigual entre el alumnado, el profesorado y los diferentes centros educativos. Sin embargo, se identifica que no es adecuado continuar estandarizando el currículo, más bien es necesario que la lógica del currículo escolar dé un giro epistemológico hacia una perspectiva constructivista y sociocrítica. De esta forma, se podrá progresar hacia una educación emancipadora que trabaje para la justicia social.
School education in Chile is composed of a curriculum that essentially responds to a positivist approach, called pedagogy by objectives. Therefore, school children are classified according to their academic performance and are prepared to compete in different standardized tests, which are conditioned to economic stimuli and the opportunity to continue their studies in higher education. Given this situation, this essay aimed to critically analyze the learning objectives and the evaluation of the Chilean school curriculum in terms of the perspective of social justice. At the beginning of the analysis, the inadequate standardization of the curriculum is described since ambiguity characterizes the learning objectives, and in terms of summative evaluations, there are no clear ministerial guidelines. Thus, it is argued that this produces unequal competition among students, teachers, and different educational centers. However, it is identified that to continue standardizing the curriculum is not appropriate; instead, the school curriculum logic must make an epistemological turn towards a constructivist and sociocritical perspective. In this way, it will be possible to progress towards an emancipatory education that works for social justice.
School education in Chile is composed of a curriculum that essentially responds to a positivist approach, called pedagogy by objectives. Therefore, school children are classified according to their academic performance and are prepared to compete in different standardized tests, which are conditioned to economic stimuli and the opportunity to continue their studies in higher education. Given this situation, this essay aimed to critically analyze the learning objectives and the evaluation of the Chilean school curriculum in terms of the perspective of social justice. At the beginning of the analysis, the inadequate standardization of the curriculum is described since ambiguity characterizes the learning objectives, and in terms of summative evaluations, there are no clear ministerial guidelines. Thus, it is argued that this produces unequal competition among students, teachers, and different educational centers. However, it is identified that to continue standardizing the curriculum is not appropriate; instead, the school curriculum logic must make an epistemological turn towards a constructivist and sociocritical perspective. In this way, it will be possible to progress towards an emancipatory education that works for social justice.