Comparación de los riesgos en el trastorno de la conducta alimentaria y en la imagen corporal entre estudiantes mapuches y no mapuches
Comparación de los riesgos en el trastorno de la conducta alimentaria y en la imagen corporal entre estudiantes mapuches y no mapuches
Authors
Rosas Muñoz, Marcelo
Delgado Floody, Pedro
Cea Leiva, Fredy
Alarcón Hormazábal, Manuel
Álvarez San Martin, Roberto
Quezada Gallego, Karen
Delgado Floody, Pedro
Cea Leiva, Fredy
Alarcón Hormazábal, Manuel
Álvarez San Martin, Roberto
Quezada Gallego, Karen
Authors
Date
Datos de publicación:
10.3305/nh.2015.32.6.9800
Keywords
Imagen corporal - Trastorno de la conducta alimentaria - Obesidad - Adolescentes
Collections
Abstract
Introducción: existe escasa evidencia sobre los riesgos de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y de la imagen corporal (TIC) en población adolecente y joven de etnia mapuche. Objetivo: el propósito del estudio fue establecer si existen diferencias en el riesgo de padecer TCA y TIC en estudiantes mapuches y no mapuches y asociar estas variables con el estado nutricional. Material y métodos: la muestra está constituida por 130 adolescentes entre 14 y 21 años; 95 de etnia mapuche y 35 no mapuche. En ambos grupos se midió; índice de masa corporal (IMC), riesgos de trastorno en la conducta alimentaria y en la imagen corporal. Resultados: no existieron diferencias en riesgos de TCA y TIC al comparar por etnia mapuche y no mapuche (p>0,05). En la comparación por género las mujeres presentaron valores superiores (p<0,05) en riesgo de TCA y TIC. Los estudiantes con malnutrición por exceso obtuvieron mayor puntaje en la conducta de riesgo de TIC (p=0,000). El riesgo de TIC presentó asociación positiva con las conductas de riesgo de TCA (p=0,000 y r=0,536). Conclusión: la no presencia de diferencias significativas en los riesgos de padecer TCA y TIC, según pertenencia étnica, se explicaría en función de los procesos de cambio social y cultural, donde la modernización ha conducido a una normalización de pautas culturales asociadas a la conducta alimentaria y cánones de estética corporal entre las poblaciones urbanas, rurales e indígenas.
Introduction: there is little evidence about the risks of eating behavior (EBD) and body image disorders (BID) in teen and young ethnic Mapuches population. Objective: the purpose of the study was to establish whether there are differences in the risk of EBD and BID in Mapuches and not Mapuches students and associate these variables with the nutritional status. Material and methods: the sample was composed of 130 adolescents between 14 and 21 years; 95 Mapuches and 35 not Mapuches. In both groups was measured; body mass index (BMI), risks of disorder in the feeding behavior and body image. Results: there were no differences in risks of EBD and ICT to compare by Mapuches ethnic group and not Mapuches (p>0.05). In the comparison by gender women showed higher values (p>0.05) at risk of eating disorders and BID. Students with malnutrition by excess obtained higher scores in the conduct of risk of BID (p=0.000). The risk of BID presented positive association with risk behaviors of EBD (p=0.000 and r=0.536). Conclusion: the non-presence of significant differences in the risk of EBD and BID, according to ethnicity, is explained in function of the processes of social and cultural change, where modernization has led to a normalization of cultural patterns associated with eating behavior and body aesthetics between urban, rural and indigenous populations.
Introduction: there is little evidence about the risks of eating behavior (EBD) and body image disorders (BID) in teen and young ethnic Mapuches population. Objective: the purpose of the study was to establish whether there are differences in the risk of EBD and BID in Mapuches and not Mapuches students and associate these variables with the nutritional status. Material and methods: the sample was composed of 130 adolescents between 14 and 21 years; 95 Mapuches and 35 not Mapuches. In both groups was measured; body mass index (BMI), risks of disorder in the feeding behavior and body image. Results: there were no differences in risks of EBD and ICT to compare by Mapuches ethnic group and not Mapuches (p>0.05). In the comparison by gender women showed higher values (p>0.05) at risk of eating disorders and BID. Students with malnutrition by excess obtained higher scores in the conduct of risk of BID (p=0.000). The risk of BID presented positive association with risk behaviors of EBD (p=0.000 and r=0.536). Conclusion: the non-presence of significant differences in the risk of EBD and BID, according to ethnicity, is explained in function of the processes of social and cultural change, where modernization has led to a normalization of cultural patterns associated with eating behavior and body aesthetics between urban, rural and indigenous populations.