Persistence and pathway of glyphosate degradation in the coastal wetland soil of central Delaware
Persistence and pathway of glyphosate degradation in the coastal wetland soil of central Delaware
Authors
Moller, Spencer R.
Campos, Marco A.
Rilling, Joaquin I.
Bakkour, Rani
Hollenback, Anthony J.
Jorquera, Milko A.
Jaisi, Deb P.
Campos, Marco A.
Rilling, Joaquin I.
Bakkour, Rani
Hollenback, Anthony J.
Jorquera, Milko A.
Jaisi, Deb P.
Profesor GuĆa
Authors
Date
Datos de publicaciĆ³n:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135238
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,Vol.477,2024
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,Vol.477,2024
Tipo de recurso
Article
Keywords
Materia geogrƔfica
Collections
Abstract
Glyphosate is a globally dominant herbicide. Here, we studied the degradation and microbial response to glyphosate application in a wetland soil in central Delaware for controlling invasive species (Phragmites australis). We applied a two-step solid-phase extraction method using molecularly imprinted polymers designed for the separation and enrichment of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) from soils before their analysis by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry methods. Our results showed that approximately 90 % of glyphosate degraded over 100 d after application, with AMPA being a minor (<10 %) product. Analysis of glyphosate-specific microbial genes to identify microbial response and function revealed that the expression of the phnJ gene, which codes C-P lyase enzyme, was consistently dominant over the gox gene, which codes glyphosate oxidoreductase enzyme, after glyphosate application. Both gene and concentration data independently suggested that C-P bond cleavage-which forms sarcosine or glycine-was the dominant degradation pathway. This is significant because AMPA, a more toxic product, is reported to be the preferred pathway of glyphosate degradation in other soil and natural environments. The degradation through a safer pathway is encouraging for minimizing the detrimental impacts of glyphosate on the environment.