Maternidad y cárcel en Sudamérica: una niñez casi invisible y con mínimos cuidados
Maternidad y cárcel en Sudamérica: una niñez casi invisible y con mínimos cuidados
Authors
Sanhueza, Guillermo
Sánchez, Carolina
Sánchez, Carolina
Authors
Date
2022
Datos de publicación:
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.32, N°1, 152-173, 2022
Keywords
Sudamérica - Cárcel - Maternidad - Mujeres - Niñez
Collections
Abstract
El presente artículo analiza la relación entre maternidad y encarce-lamiento en centros penitenciarios de América del Sur, especialmente en tér-minos del impacto en los niños, niñas y adolescentes y en las propias mujeres privadas de libertad. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos que abordaran la temática de manera empírica y reciente (última década), se-leccionándose finalmente 12 artículos para el periodo 2010-2021. Los prin-cipales hallazgos de nuestra revisión sugieren que, tanto la maternidad tras las rejas como la situación de niñez con referentes paternos encarcelados es un problema grave, de creciente masividad y bastante invisible en Sudamé-rica, con diversos efectos negativos tanto para los propios NNA como para las mujeres encarceladas, incluyendo problemas de salud mental, conductuales y adaptativos, además de impactos sociales latentes que acarrea el encarcela-miento femenino. Al mismo tiempo, si bien existen algunas investigaciones e intervenciones, la situación de la infancia víctima expuesta al encarcelamiento (en diversas formas) sigue estando bastante desprotegida como un resultado combinado de una sociedad patriarcal, de políticas criminales punitivas que siguen subordinando a las mujeres –y con ello, a la niñez—a los intereses do-minantes, en sus vertientes androcéntricas y adulto-céntricas; y de una escasa investigación empírica de corte nacional y/o longitudinal. En medio de esta fuerte invisibilidad en la región, nos atrevemos a realizar algunas sugerencias de política pública e intervención para revertir parte de los efectos negativos del encarcelamiento en los NNA y sus madres.
This article analyzes the relationship between motherhood and in-carceration in penitentiary centers in South America, especially in terms of the impact on children and adolescents (NNA by its Spanish initials) and on the women deprived of their liberty. To do this, a systematic review of recent (last decade) articles that address the subject empirically was carried out. selecting 12 articles from the period 2010-2021. The main findings of our review suggest that motherhood behind bars and the situation of children with incarcerated paternal referentsis a serious problem, one of increasing massiviness and quite invisible in South America, with various negative effects for both, the NNA themselves and the incarcerated women, including mental health, behavioral and adaptive problems, as well as latent social impacts of female incarceration. At the same time, while there is some research and intervention, the situation of child victims exposed to incarceration (in various forms) remains largely unprotected, as a combined result of a patriarchal society, punitive criminal policies that continue to subordinate women – and with it, to childhood—to the dominant interests, in their androcentric and adult-centric aspects, and little empirical research of a national and/or longitudinal nature. In the midst of this strong invisibility in the region, we dare to make some public policy and intervention suggestions to reverse part of the negative effects of incarceration on children and their mothers.
This article analyzes the relationship between motherhood and in-carceration in penitentiary centers in South America, especially in terms of the impact on children and adolescents (NNA by its Spanish initials) and on the women deprived of their liberty. To do this, a systematic review of recent (last decade) articles that address the subject empirically was carried out. selecting 12 articles from the period 2010-2021. The main findings of our review suggest that motherhood behind bars and the situation of children with incarcerated paternal referentsis a serious problem, one of increasing massiviness and quite invisible in South America, with various negative effects for both, the NNA themselves and the incarcerated women, including mental health, behavioral and adaptive problems, as well as latent social impacts of female incarceration. At the same time, while there is some research and intervention, the situation of child victims exposed to incarceration (in various forms) remains largely unprotected, as a combined result of a patriarchal society, punitive criminal policies that continue to subordinate women – and with it, to childhood—to the dominant interests, in their androcentric and adult-centric aspects, and little empirical research of a national and/or longitudinal nature. In the midst of this strong invisibility in the region, we dare to make some public policy and intervention suggestions to reverse part of the negative effects of incarceration on children and their mothers.