Comportamientos de autoprotección frente a la contaminación del aire y factores psicosociales, Temuco, Chile
Comportamientos de autoprotección frente a la contaminación del aire y factores psicosociales, Temuco, Chile
Authors
Alvarez Escobar, Boris
Castillo Farina, Pamela
Navarro Riffo, Javiera
Muñoz Muñoz, Cindy
Boso Gaspar, Álex
Castillo Farina, Pamela
Navarro Riffo, Javiera
Muñoz Muñoz, Cindy
Boso Gaspar, Álex
Authors
Date
Datos de publicación:
Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental, Vol. 38, 11-26, 2022
Keywords
Salud - Calidad del aire - Percepción de riesgo - Conductas autoprotectoras
Collections
Abstract
Las ciudades intermedias del sur de Chile sufren cada invierno episodios críticos por
la emisión de grandes cantidades de MP2.5 procedentes de la combustión de estufas y
cocinas a leña. Los responsables políticos han implementado planes de descontaminación atmosférica, que incluyen campañas de sensibilización para promover conductas
autoprotectoras como el uso de mascarillas o realizar ejercicios sólo en intramuros. El
objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el rol de los factores psicosociales en la adopción
de conductas autoprotectoras frente a la contaminación del aire en residentes de Temuco
y Padre Las Casas. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio de diseño no experimental,
transversal y de alcance correlacional, a partir de una muestra no aleatoria de 489 participantes. Se realizaron pruebas descriptivas-comparativas, de correlación, así como
modelos de regresión logística ordinal. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres, los
participantes con enfermedades respiratorias previas y quienes poseen estudios superiores son más propensos a autoprotegerse frente a la contaminación. Estos participantes
tienden a ser más conscientes de la mala calidad del aire y perciben mejor la gravedad
de sus efectos. Si bien este estudio muestra que las variables psicosociales son relevantes para comprender la adhesión a conductas de autoprotección, cada una de estas
conductas debe entenderse de forma diferenciada, ya que los factores determinantes
varían en cada una de ellas.
The medium cities of southern Chile suffer critical episodes every winter due to emission of large quantities of PM2.5 from wood-burning stoves and wood cookstoves. Policy makers have implemented atmospheric decontamination plans, which include awareness campaigns to promote self-protective behaviors such as wearing face masks or exercising only within walls. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of psychosocial factors in the adoption of self-protective behaviors against air pollution in residents of Temuco and Padre Las Casas. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational-scope study was carried out, based on a non-probabilistic sample of 489 participants. Descriptive-comparative and correlation tests were performed, as well as ordinal logistic regression models. The results show that women, participants with previous respiratory illnesses, and those with higher education are more likely to protect themselves against pollution. These participants tend to be more aware of poor air quality and better perceive the severity of its effects. Although this study shows that psychosocial variables are relevant to understanding adherence to self-protective behaviors, each of these behaviors must be understood differently, since the determining factors vary in each of them.
The medium cities of southern Chile suffer critical episodes every winter due to emission of large quantities of PM2.5 from wood-burning stoves and wood cookstoves. Policy makers have implemented atmospheric decontamination plans, which include awareness campaigns to promote self-protective behaviors such as wearing face masks or exercising only within walls. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of psychosocial factors in the adoption of self-protective behaviors against air pollution in residents of Temuco and Padre Las Casas. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational-scope study was carried out, based on a non-probabilistic sample of 489 participants. Descriptive-comparative and correlation tests were performed, as well as ordinal logistic regression models. The results show that women, participants with previous respiratory illnesses, and those with higher education are more likely to protect themselves against pollution. These participants tend to be more aware of poor air quality and better perceive the severity of its effects. Although this study shows that psychosocial variables are relevant to understanding adherence to self-protective behaviors, each of these behaviors must be understood differently, since the determining factors vary in each of them.