SOTO CERDA, BRAULIO JORGE
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Physiological and molecular effects of TiO2 nanoparticle application on UV-A radiation stress responses in Solanum lycopersicum L.
Nanoparticles (NPs) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) alter photosynthetic and biochemical parameters in Solanum lycopersicum L., possibly due to their photocatalytic properties given by energy absorption in the UV-A range; however, the joint effects TiO2 NPs and UV-A radiation are not well understood. This work evaluates the combined responses of TiO2 NPs and UV-A radiation at the physiological and molecular levels in S. lycopersicum. In a split growth chamber, the presence (UV-A +) and absence (UV-A ?) of UV-A were combined with 0 (water as a control), and 1000 and 2000 mg L?1 of TiO2 NPs applied at sowing. At the end of exposure (day 30 after sowing), the photosynthetic performance was determined, and biochemical and molecular parameters were evaluated in leaf tissues. Better photochemical performance in UV-A + than UV-A ? in control plants was observed, but these effects decreased in 1000 and 2000 mg TiO2 L?1, similar to net CO2 assimilation. A clear increase in photosynthetic pigment levels was recorded under UV-A + compared to UV-A ? that was positively correlated with photosynthetic parameters. A concomitant increase in total phenols was observed on adding TiO2 in UV-A ? conditions, while a decreasing trend in lipid peroxidation was observed for the same treatments. There was an increase in psbB gene expression under TiO2/UV-A + treatments, and a reduced expression of rbcS and rbcL under UV-A ?. These results suggest that the reduction in photosynthetic performance on applying high doses of TiO2 NPs is probably due to biochemical limitation, while UV-A achieves the same result via the photochemical component. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Role of boron and its interaction with other elements in plants
Boron (B) is an essential microelement for plants, and its deficiency can lead to impaired development and function. Around 50% of arable land in the world is acidic, and low pH in the soil solution decreases availability of several essential mineral elements, including B, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K). Plants take up soil B in the form of boric acid (H3BO3) in acidic soil or tetrahydroxy borate [B(OH)4]- at neutral or alkaline pH. Boron can participate directly or indirectly in plant metabolism, including in the synthesis of the cell wall and plasma membrane, in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and in the formation of ribonucleic acid (RNA). In addition, B interacts with other nutrients such as Ca, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), K, and zinc (Zn). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of B uptake, absorption, and accumulation and its interactions with other elements, and how it contributes to the adaptation of plants to different environmental conditions. We also discuss potential B-mediated networks at the physiological and molecular levels involved in plant growth and development. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.