Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE): Biosynthesis, Derivatives and Formulations with Neuroprotective Activities
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE): Biosynthesis, Derivatives and Formulations with Neuroprotective Activities
Authors
Perez, Rebeca
Burgos, Viviana
Marin, Victor
Camins, Antoni
Olloquequi, Jordi
Gonzalez-Chavarria, Ivan
Ulrich, Henning
Wyneke, Ursula
Luarte, Alejandro
Ortiz, Leandro
Paz, Cristian
Burgos, Viviana
Marin, Victor
Camins, Antoni
Olloquequi, Jordi
Gonzalez-Chavarria, Ivan
Ulrich, Henning
Wyneke, Ursula
Luarte, Alejandro
Ortiz, Leandro
Paz, Cristian
Profesor GuĆa
Authors
Date
Datos de publicaciĆ³n:
10.3390/antiox12081500
ANTIOXIDANTS,Vol.12,2023
ANTIOXIDANTS,Vol.12,2023
Tipo de recurso
Review
Keywords
Materia geogrƔfica
Collections
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by a progressive process of degeneration and neuronal death, where oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are key factors that contribute to the progression of these diseases. Therefore, two major pathways involved in these pathologies have been proposed as relevant therapeutic targets: The nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2), which responds to oxidative stress with cytoprotecting activity; and the nuclear factor NF-kappa B pathway, which is highly related to the neuroinflammatory process by promoting cytokine expression. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenylpropanoid naturally found in propolis that shows important biological activities, including neuroprotective activity by modulating the Nrf2 and NF-kappa B pathways, promoting antioxidant enzyme expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression. Its simple chemical structure has inspired the synthesis of many derivatives, with aliphatic and/or aromatic moieties, some of which have improved the biological properties. Moreover, new drug delivery systems increase the bioavailability of these compounds in vivo, allowing its transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier, thus protecting brain cells from the increased inflammatory status associated to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of CAPE derivatives, their miscellaneous activities, and relevant studies (from 2010 to 2023), addressing their neuroprotective activity in vitro and in vivo.