Efecto Terapéutico de los Exosomas en el ACV Isquémico en Animales de Experimentación
Efecto Terapéutico de los Exosomas en el ACV Isquémico en Animales de Experimentación
Authors
Carvallo Carvallo, Pamela
Astudillo, P.
Astudillo, P.
Authors
Date
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Keywords
Ratas - Ataque cerebrovascular - Neuroprotección - Isquemia cerebral - Exosomas
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Abstract
La posibilidad de que los exosomas funcionen como una nueva forma de comunicación intercelular para establecer y mantener circuitos cerebrales está comenzando a ser explorada. Los exosomas son liberados desde células e interactúan con otras células receptoras para mediar cambios fisiológicos. Todas las células cerebrales liberan exosomas incluyendo las celulas madre neuronales, las neuronas, astrocitos, microglia, oligodendrocitos y las celulas endoteliales. El objetivo de esta revisión es reunir evidencia actualizada sobre las funciones de protección, antiinflamación y regeneración de los exosomas en el ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) isquémico en ratas. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura sensible y específica en base de datos Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, TRIP database, SciELO y LILACS con términos libres y meSH. Los exosomas generados de CSMs pueden ser utilizados para el tratamiento del ACV. Los exosomas de oligodendrocitos también ejercen una variedad de efectos sobre las neuronas receptoras e influencian un amplio espectro de la fisiología neuronal. En conjunto estos resultados sugieren que los exosomas de las CSMs mediados con miR-133b se transfieren a astrocitos y neuronas, las que regulan la expresión génica, beneficiando tanto la remodelación de neuritas, como la recuperación funcional despues de un ACV. Sería importante en el futuro desarrollar métodos para cuantificar y caracterizar los exosomas en el cerebro con isquemia. Esto permitiría correlacionar entre la cantidad de exosomas en el cerebro y la recuperación funcional entregando información sobre sus mecanismos de acción
The possibility that exosomes function as a new form of inter cellular communication to establish and maintain brain circuits is beginning to be investigated. Exosomes are released from cells and interact with other receptor cells to mediate physiological changes. All brain cells release exosomes including neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and endothelial cells. The aim of this review is to gather current evidence on the protective, anti-inflammatory and regenerative functions of exosomes in ischemic stroke in rats. A systematic search of sensitive and specific literature was carried out in the following database search engines: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, TRIP database, SciELO and LILACS with free and MeSH terms data. MSC generated exosomes can be used in the treatment of stroke. Oligodendrocyte exosomes also exert a variety of effects on receptor neurons and influence a wide spectrum of neuronal physiology. Together these results suggest that MSC exosome-mediated transfer of miR-133b to astrocytes and neurons, thus regulating gene expression, benefiting both neurite remodeling, such as functional recovery following a stroke. It would be important in the future to develop methods to quantify and characterize exosomes in brain ischemia. This would allow correlation between the amount of exosomes in the brain and functional recovery providing information relevant to its action mechanisms.
The possibility that exosomes function as a new form of inter cellular communication to establish and maintain brain circuits is beginning to be investigated. Exosomes are released from cells and interact with other receptor cells to mediate physiological changes. All brain cells release exosomes including neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and endothelial cells. The aim of this review is to gather current evidence on the protective, anti-inflammatory and regenerative functions of exosomes in ischemic stroke in rats. A systematic search of sensitive and specific literature was carried out in the following database search engines: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, TRIP database, SciELO and LILACS with free and MeSH terms data. MSC generated exosomes can be used in the treatment of stroke. Oligodendrocyte exosomes also exert a variety of effects on receptor neurons and influence a wide spectrum of neuronal physiology. Together these results suggest that MSC exosome-mediated transfer of miR-133b to astrocytes and neurons, thus regulating gene expression, benefiting both neurite remodeling, such as functional recovery following a stroke. It would be important in the future to develop methods to quantify and characterize exosomes in brain ischemia. This would allow correlation between the amount of exosomes in the brain and functional recovery providing information relevant to its action mechanisms.