Sitios Arqueológicos y Aguadas en la Costa Hiperárida del Desierto de Atacama
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Date
2023
Authors
Llagostera Martínez, Agustín
Authors
Date
2023
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/CUHSO-V33N1-ART477
Keywords
Desierto de Atacama - Arqueología costera - Patrón de asentamiento - Aguadas
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Abstract
En el presente trabajo se expone los resultados de una investigación en torno al sistema de asentamiento de las poblaciones precolombinas de la costa arreica (desprovisto de desembocaduras de ríos) del Desierto de Atacama, correspondiente a la Región de Antofagasta, donde se relevaron más de 1000 sitios arqueológicos. Al fijar los sitios en el mapa del menciona-do litoral observamos que estos se aglutinaban en ciertos sectores alternando con espacios carentes de ellos. Dado que el potencial productivo del mar es el mismo a lo largo de todo el litoral, se esperaría que la distribución fuera más o menos homogénea a lo largo de esta franja costera. En consecuencia, se contrastó la distribución de los yacimientos arqueológicos con diferentes pa-rámetros ambientales que pudieran haber incidido en la elección de los loci de emplazamiento. Se observó que el patrón de asentamiento estaba determinado prioritariamente por los afloramientos hídricos, conocidos como “aguadas”.
This paper presents the results of a research on settlement systems of pre-Columbian peoples living on a section of the coast of the Atacama De-sert which lacks of river estuaries. The coastline is located in Region de An-tofagasta, where over 1,000 archeological sites have been discovered. When locating those sites and setting them on a map of the aforementioned coastline, we observed that the settlements were grouped in certain areas, alternating between stretches of areas absent of any settlements. Under the assumption that the ocean’s productive potential is the same along the entire length of the coast, it would have been expected a more or less homogeneous distri-bution of settlements. Given the previous observation, the archaeological si-tes distribution was compared against other environmental parameters that may have influenced the choice of locus for these settlements. Observations ultimately stablished that placement for settlements was determined prima-rily by the presence of fresh water runoff points commonly known as aguadas.
This paper presents the results of a research on settlement systems of pre-Columbian peoples living on a section of the coast of the Atacama De-sert which lacks of river estuaries. The coastline is located in Region de An-tofagasta, where over 1,000 archeological sites have been discovered. When locating those sites and setting them on a map of the aforementioned coastline, we observed that the settlements were grouped in certain areas, alternating between stretches of areas absent of any settlements. Under the assumption that the ocean’s productive potential is the same along the entire length of the coast, it would have been expected a more or less homogeneous distri-bution of settlements. Given the previous observation, the archaeological si-tes distribution was compared against other environmental parameters that may have influenced the choice of locus for these settlements. Observations ultimately stablished that placement for settlements was determined prima-rily by the presence of fresh water runoff points commonly known as aguadas.
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Keywords
Desierto de Atacama , Arqueología costera , Patrón de asentamiento , Aguadas
Citation
10.7770/CUHSO-V33N1-ART477