Rendimientos productivos de dietas extruidas y pelletizadas en cultivo intensivo de Trucha Arcoiris, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
Rendimientos productivos de dietas extruidas y pelletizadas en cultivo intensivo de Trucha Arcoiris, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
Authors
Bórquez Ramírez, Aliro
Valdebenito Isler, Iván
Dantagnan Dantagnan, Patricio
Barile Sanhueza, Juan
Valdebenito Isler, Iván
Dantagnan Dantagnan, Patricio
Barile Sanhueza, Juan
Authors
Date
2012-01-17
Datos de publicación:
Keywords
Trucha arcoíris - Nutrición de peces
Collections
Abstract
En este trabajo se evalúa el efecto de una dieta pelletizada y una extruída en el crecimiento, ganancia en peso, índice de
conversión (considerando el peso total, el peso eviscerado y el peso eviscerado sin cabeza) y deposición de lípidos (carcasa,
músculo y visceras) de la trucha arcoiris. Los peces fueron cultivados durante 127 días (26 abril al 30 agosto) en tanques
circulares de fibra de vidrio de 2,5 m3 con 1,5 cambios por hora, temperatura promedio de 12,5-C, fotoperiodo natural y alimentación ad-libitum. En cada tanque se colocaron 202 peces con un peso y talla promedio de 83,7+15,6g y 19,2*1,0cm,respectivamente. La densidad promedio inicial fue de 6,76kg/m3. Cada tratamiento tuvo una replica y los resultados fueron analizados a través de una ANOVA (P<0,05) y el test de comparación de medias de Tukey. Los peces alimentados con la dieta extruída incrementaron 2 10,25*1,76% mientras que los alimentados con la dieta pelletizada incrementaron 179,67&0,94%
existiendo diferencias altamente significativas entre los valores. La tasa de crecimiento específica para la dieta extruída (1,171 %) fue significativamente mayor que la lograda con la dieta pelletizada (1,071%). La mortalidad alcanzada con la dieta extruída
fue de 1,76%0,26% y con la dieta pelletizada 1,75*0,75%. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las densidades
alcanzadas al final del ensayo (pelletizada 24,05*0, 19kgím3 y extruída 27,11*0, 10kg/m3). Los índices de conversión mostraron
diferencias significativas entre las dietas ensayadas, excepto cuando el cálculo se hizo con el peso sin cabeza y sin visceras. El costo del alimento por kilo de trucha entera producida fue US$1,22 para la dieta pelletizada y de US$1,28 para la dieta extruída. Cuando se considera el costo del alimento por kilo de trucha sin visceras producida, los valores subieron a
US$1,46 y US$1,5 1 para el pellet y extruído respectivamente. Ahora, si se considera el costo en alimento para producir un kilo
de trucha sin cabeza y eviscerada, los valores suben a US$1,78 para el pellet y US$1,88 para el extruído. Las truchas alimentadas
con dietas pelletizadas incrementaron los lípidos en 84%, 7,35% y 51,98% en pescado entero, músculos y visceras respectivamente. Mientras que, el incremento de los lípidos en las truchas alimentadas con dieta extruída fue de 107.1% para el pescado entero, 3 1.9% en el músculo y 82,6% en vísceras. Considerando el costo de las dietas extruída y pelletizada y la
distribución de los lípidos en el cuerpo del pez durante el periodo de cultivo, se discute la conveniencia del uso de una u otra
dieta.
In this paper is evaluated the effect of a pelleted diet and a extruded diet, on the growth rate, weight gain, food conversion (considering the total weight, the eviscerated weight and the without head and viscera weight) and lipids deposition in carcass, muscle and vicera in rainbow trout. Fish were fed ad-libitum during 120 days in circular fiberglass tanks of 2.5 m3 with a water exchange rate of 1.5 volumesíh and average temperature of 12.5-C. In each tank were put 220 fish of 83.7*15.6g and 19.2*1.0cm. The initial density was 6.77kg/m3. Each treatrnent with two replications, and the results were analyzed through an ANOVA (Pc0.05) and the mean multiple comparations Tukey test. The fish fed with extruded diet increased 210.25%1.76% while fed them with the pelleted diet increased 179.67*0.94% existing differences highly significatly. The specific growth rate for the extrued diet (1.171%) was significantly greater than achieved it with the pelleted diet (1.071%). There were found significant differences between the reached final densities (pelleted diet 24.05h0.1 9kgím3 and extruded diet 27.11*0.10kg/m3). The food conversion show significant differences between the diets tested in the different calculated weight, except for the without head and viscera weight. The food cost by Kg of whole fish was US$1.22 for the pelleted diet and US$1.28 for the extruded diet. When it is considered the food cost by eviscerated weight, the value rised to US$1.46 and - US$1.5 1 for the pelleted diet and extruded diet, respectively. If it is considered the food cost to produce a Kg trout without head and viscera, the value rised to US$1.78 for the pelleted diet and US$1.88 for the extruded diet. The trout fed with pelleted diet increased the lipid contents with respect to the initial content in 84%, 7.35% and 5 1.98% in whole fish, muscles and viscera, respectively. While, the increase of the lipids in the trout fed with extruded diet was of 107.1 % for the whole fish, 3 1.9% in the muscle and 82,6% in the viscera. Considering the cost of the extruded and pelleted diets and the distribuición of the lipids in the body of the fish during the period of cultivation is discussed the convenience of the use of one or the other diet.
In this paper is evaluated the effect of a pelleted diet and a extruded diet, on the growth rate, weight gain, food conversion (considering the total weight, the eviscerated weight and the without head and viscera weight) and lipids deposition in carcass, muscle and vicera in rainbow trout. Fish were fed ad-libitum during 120 days in circular fiberglass tanks of 2.5 m3 with a water exchange rate of 1.5 volumesíh and average temperature of 12.5-C. In each tank were put 220 fish of 83.7*15.6g and 19.2*1.0cm. The initial density was 6.77kg/m3. Each treatrnent with two replications, and the results were analyzed through an ANOVA (Pc0.05) and the mean multiple comparations Tukey test. The fish fed with extruded diet increased 210.25%1.76% while fed them with the pelleted diet increased 179.67*0.94% existing differences highly significatly. The specific growth rate for the extrued diet (1.171%) was significantly greater than achieved it with the pelleted diet (1.071%). There were found significant differences between the reached final densities (pelleted diet 24.05h0.1 9kgím3 and extruded diet 27.11*0.10kg/m3). The food conversion show significant differences between the diets tested in the different calculated weight, except for the without head and viscera weight. The food cost by Kg of whole fish was US$1.22 for the pelleted diet and US$1.28 for the extruded diet. When it is considered the food cost by eviscerated weight, the value rised to US$1.46 and - US$1.5 1 for the pelleted diet and extruded diet, respectively. If it is considered the food cost to produce a Kg trout without head and viscera, the value rised to US$1.78 for the pelleted diet and US$1.88 for the extruded diet. The trout fed with pelleted diet increased the lipid contents with respect to the initial content in 84%, 7.35% and 5 1.98% in whole fish, muscles and viscera, respectively. While, the increase of the lipids in the trout fed with extruded diet was of 107.1 % for the whole fish, 3 1.9% in the muscle and 82,6% in the viscera. Considering the cost of the extruded and pelleted diets and the distribuición of the lipids in the body of the fish during the period of cultivation is discussed the convenience of the use of one or the other diet.
Description
Documento presentado en las XVIII jornadas de Ciencias del Mar realizado en Iquique, 4-8 de Mayo de 1998.