Los estudios antropológicos en Chile: factores locales en las dinámicas de un estilo débil de institucionalización científica (1875-1930)
Los estudios antropológicos en Chile: factores locales en las dinámicas de un estilo débil de institucionalización científica (1875-1930)
Authors
Mora Nawrath, Hector
Vásquez Vilches, Rodrigo
Vásquez Vilches, Rodrigo
Profesor Guía
Authors
Date
2021
Datos de publicación:
10.19137/qs.v25i3.5502
Quinto sol, Vol.25, N° 3, 20-39, 2021
Quinto sol, Vol.25, N° 3, 20-39, 2021
Tipo de recurso
Artículo de Revista
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades
Keywords
Estilo débil - Institucionalización científica - Antropología
Materia geográfica
Chile
Collections
Abstract
Al margen del impulso temprano que recibieron las ciencias antropológicas en Chile, muy a tono con lo que ocurrió en otros países de América Latina, su institucionalización fue interrumpida hacia fines de la década del treinta. Como hemos podido constatar, esta situación no se explica tanto por las crisis económicas y sociales típicas del período, sino por el desinterés mostrado por sucesivos gobiernos. Este desinterés se ve reflejado en las deficitarias condiciones materiales e institucionales para su desarrollo, lo que impedió su consolidación como disciplina científica durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Siguiendo las propuestas que destacan el potencial de la categoría “estilo” para el análisis de las antropologías desarrolladas en América Latina, este artículo explora el contexto social y las condiciones materiales que permitieron que la antropología surgiera a nivel local, y de este modo leer su vinculación con una determinada política estatal y definir su rol en la formación nacional de las alteridades.
Despite the early impulse that the anthropological sciences received in Chile, very much in line with what happened in other Latin American countries, its institutionalization was interrupted towards the end of the 1930s. Our study’s findings suggest that this situation was not the result of the economic and social crises, which were typical of the period, but by the lack of interest shown by successive governments. This disinterest is reflected in the deficient material and institutional conditions available to anthropological studies, which would in turn impede their consolidation as a scientific discipline during the first half of the 20th century. By following proposals that highlight the potential of the category of style in the analysis of anthropologies developed in Latin America, the article explores the social context and material conditions which enabled the rise of anthropology at the local level, tracing its connections to State policy and its role in the national formation of alterities.
Despite the early impulse that the anthropological sciences received in Chile, very much in line with what happened in other Latin American countries, its institutionalization was interrupted towards the end of the 1930s. Our study’s findings suggest that this situation was not the result of the economic and social crises, which were typical of the period, but by the lack of interest shown by successive governments. This disinterest is reflected in the deficient material and institutional conditions available to anthropological studies, which would in turn impede their consolidation as a scientific discipline during the first half of the 20th century. By following proposals that highlight the potential of the category of style in the analysis of anthropologies developed in Latin America, the article explores the social context and material conditions which enabled the rise of anthropology at the local level, tracing its connections to State policy and its role in the national formation of alterities.