Revisitando la historia de las teorías del desarrollo
Revisitando la historia de las teorías del desarrollo
Authors
González Meyer, Raúl
Authors
Date
2014-09-07
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/CUHSO-V23N1-ART386
Keywords
Progreso - Desarrollo - Modernización - Industrialización - Estado - Cultura - Ecología - Liberalismo
Collections
Abstract
El artículo reconstruye el debate en economía del desarrollo desde
la Segunda Guerra Mundial hasta hoy. Para ello, lo conecta con el valor del
progreso y de la producción de riqueza que ganaron lugar en siglos anteriores.
Se revisan los factores que permitieron la emergencia de un discurso
desarrollista y, luego, las teorías que surgieron más tarde: el paradigma de
la modernización, socialismo industrialista, la Comisión Económica para
América Latina (Cepal), dualismo, teoría de la dependencia, aproximaciones
sociales, visiones ambientalistas, desarrollo a escala humana, sustitución
de importaciones, neoliberalismo, neoestructuralismo, desarrollo étnico,
capital humano, desarrollo humano, antidesarrollo y otros. Estas teorías
o aproximaciones son vistas desde las inflexiones que marcan respecto a
etapas anteriores, así como respecto de las circunstancias históricas que parcialmente
explican su emergencia. El artículo concluye proponiendo una
posición sobre el estado y el futuro del campo de los estudios de desarrollo
en relación con los retos de la sociedad actual. La tesis del artículo es que la
referencia teórica y política del desarrollo ha sido y es un concepto controvertido,
en disputa e incrustado en la historia.
The article reconstructs the debate on economic development since the Second World War until today. For that, connects to the value of progress and wealth production that won place in previous centuries. It reviews the factors that made the development discourse emerge, and then, the various theories that surfaced later: modernization paradigm, industrialist socialism, the Economic Commission for Latin America (Cepal), dualism, dependency theory, social approaches, environmentalist’s visions, human scale development, import substitution, neo-liberalism, neo-structuralism, ethnic development, human capital, human development, anti-development, and others. These theories or approaches are seen in terms of the inflections that marks respect of earlier times, as of historical circumstances that partly explain its occurrence. The article concludes by proposing a position on the state and future of the field of development studies in relation to the challenges of today’s society. The thesis of the article is that theoretical and policy reference of the development has been and is a contested concept, embedded in history.
The article reconstructs the debate on economic development since the Second World War until today. For that, connects to the value of progress and wealth production that won place in previous centuries. It reviews the factors that made the development discourse emerge, and then, the various theories that surfaced later: modernization paradigm, industrialist socialism, the Economic Commission for Latin America (Cepal), dualism, dependency theory, social approaches, environmentalist’s visions, human scale development, import substitution, neo-liberalism, neo-structuralism, ethnic development, human capital, human development, anti-development, and others. These theories or approaches are seen in terms of the inflections that marks respect of earlier times, as of historical circumstances that partly explain its occurrence. The article concludes by proposing a position on the state and future of the field of development studies in relation to the challenges of today’s society. The thesis of the article is that theoretical and policy reference of the development has been and is a contested concept, embedded in history.