Analizando la variación de las demandas étnicas: el caso mapuche en Chile
Analizando la variación de las demandas étnicas: el caso mapuche en Chile
Authors
Acevedo De La Harpe, Carolina
Authors
Date
2021
Datos de publicación:
Colombia Internacional, N° 107, 51-85, 2021
Keywords
Demandas étnicas - Valoración del estado - Pueblo mapuche - Conflicto étnico
Collections
Abstract
Este artículo trata sobre la variación interna de las demandas existentes en el conflicto étnico mapuche-Estado en Chile. La evidencia recopilada para cada comunidad mapuche que habita entre las regiones del Biobío y La Araucanía en Chile demuestra la importancia del caso al poner de manifiesto la heterogeneidad de las demandas que se presentan al Estado; también es un revelador ejercicio para hacer viajar a unidades intragrupo el estudio de los conflictos étnicos. Metodología: la investigación fue guiada por un análisis de autocorrelaciones espaciales y regresiones jerárquicas con variables contextuales. Los datos fueron recolectados durante 2018 y 2019 en fuentes primarias y secundarias, para un total de 2.524 comunidades mapuche ubicadas entre las regiones del Biobío y La Araucanía. Se clasificó la comunidad en 1: autonomista, 2: discrepante, 3: no sobresaliente y 0: cuando no se encontraba información. Conclusiones: el artículo permite evidenciar la variación existente dentro del caso; también se avanzó en testear variables explicativas, como por ejemplo el tamaño del grupo, la longevidad de las comunidades y/o el efecto contagio. Por su parte, la hipótesis central clima de opinión invita a ser cautelosos con las conclusiones; sin embargo, resaltamos el poder explicativo dentro del modelo jerárquico, donde la opinión a nivel comunal permite al menos observar la variación entre las demandas. Originalidad: la variación de las demandas dentro de los grupos étnicos es un fenómeno poco estudiado en las investigaciones globales sobre conflictos étnicos, por lo que el caso mapuche en Chile constituye una tremenda oportunidad de seguir profundizando los conocimientos asociados a las condicionantes de las demandas que presentan los grupos al Estado. Por otro lado, las conclusiones invitan a reflexionar en torno al clima de opinión que los grupos étnicos tienen con respecto al Estado, especialmente para el caso mapuche en Chile, situación que apoyaría la búsqueda de respuestas dentro del conflicto.
This article deals with the internal variation of the existing demands in the Mapuche-State ethnic conflict in Chile. The evidence collected for each Mapuche community that lives between the Biobío and La Araucanía regions in Chile demonstrates the importance of the case, evidencing the significant heterogeneity in the demands that are submitted to the State, but is also a revealing exercise to make the study of ethnic conflicts travel to intra-group units. Methodology: The research was guided by an analysis of spatial self-correlations and hierarchical regressions with contextual variables. The data were collected during 2018 and 2019 from primary and secondary sources for a total of 2,524 Mapuche communities located between the Biobío and La Araucanía regions. The community was classified as 1: Autonomous, 2: Discrepant, 3: Not outstanding, and 0: when no information about the community was found. Conclusions: The efforts of the article allow evidence of the existing variation within the case; progress was also made in testing explanatory variables, such as, for example, group size, community longevity, and/or the contagion effect. For its part, the central hypothesis “climate of opinion” invites us to be cautious regarding the conclusions; however, we highlight the explanatory power within the hierarchical model, where opinion at the communal level allows at least to observe the variation between the demands. Originality: The variation of demands within ethnic groups is a little studied phenomenon in the global study of ethnic conflicts, so the Mapuche case in Chile presents a tremendous opportunity to continue deepening the knowledge associated with the determining factors of the demands that they present the groups to the State. On the other hand, the conclusions invite us to reflect on the climate of opinion that ethnic groups have concerning the State, especially for the Mapuche case in Chile, a situation which would support the search for answers within the conflict.
This article deals with the internal variation of the existing demands in the Mapuche-State ethnic conflict in Chile. The evidence collected for each Mapuche community that lives between the Biobío and La Araucanía regions in Chile demonstrates the importance of the case, evidencing the significant heterogeneity in the demands that are submitted to the State, but is also a revealing exercise to make the study of ethnic conflicts travel to intra-group units. Methodology: The research was guided by an analysis of spatial self-correlations and hierarchical regressions with contextual variables. The data were collected during 2018 and 2019 from primary and secondary sources for a total of 2,524 Mapuche communities located between the Biobío and La Araucanía regions. The community was classified as 1: Autonomous, 2: Discrepant, 3: Not outstanding, and 0: when no information about the community was found. Conclusions: The efforts of the article allow evidence of the existing variation within the case; progress was also made in testing explanatory variables, such as, for example, group size, community longevity, and/or the contagion effect. For its part, the central hypothesis “climate of opinion” invites us to be cautious regarding the conclusions; however, we highlight the explanatory power within the hierarchical model, where opinion at the communal level allows at least to observe the variation between the demands. Originality: The variation of demands within ethnic groups is a little studied phenomenon in the global study of ethnic conflicts, so the Mapuche case in Chile presents a tremendous opportunity to continue deepening the knowledge associated with the determining factors of the demands that they present the groups to the State. On the other hand, the conclusions invite us to reflect on the climate of opinion that ethnic groups have concerning the State, especially for the Mapuche case in Chile, a situation which would support the search for answers within the conflict.