Universalidades e Idiosincracia del Autoconcepto: Este-Oeste y Norte-Sur
Universalidades e Idiosincracia del Autoconcepto: Este-Oeste y Norte-Sur
Authors
Díaz Loving, Rolando
Baeza Rivera, María José
González Rivera, Ilse
Harris Bond, Michael
Baeza Rivera, María José
González Rivera, Ilse
Harris Bond, Michael
Authors
Date
Datos de publicación:
10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2019.2.267
Keywords
Personalidad - Cultura - Síndromes culturales - Psico-socio-cultural - Autoconcepto - Self concept - Personality - Cultural syndrome - Psycho socio cultural
Collections
Abstract
El autoconcepto es un constructo crucial en el estudio de los seres humanos desde la antigüedad. Diferentes autores han propuesto definiciones y acercamientos al estudio del self, así como muchos instrumentos para medir este constructo en sus diversas aproximaciones (social, académico, entre otros). Sin embargo, existe una gran problemática, la cual se asocia a el uso que tienen los instrumentos sin considerar la realidad cultural para la cual se utiliza, es decir, al describir a las personas de una cultura cuando las hemos evaluado con instrumentos desarrollado en una cultura diferente. Por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar la discusión respecto de cuestiones universales como específicas de cada cultura en relación al autoconcepto. El propósito del presente artículo es realizar esta discusión en relación a comparar los aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y motivaciones del autoconcepto en diferentes países del este-oeste y norte sur desde una perspectiva psico-sociocultural, los países considerados son: México, Perú, Japón, China, Estados Unidos y Chile. Para ello se incluyen descripciones y comparaciones basadas en los síndromes culturales planteados por Hofstade así como una revisión de los instrumentos que se han utilizado para medir este constructo. La discusión se centra en la importancia de considerar la cultura en el estudio del autoconcepto, haciendo énfasis en las herramientas metodológicas que se derivan de las orientaciones teóricas propuestas y de las atenciones que se deben tener a la hora de realizar comparaciones transculturales, ya sea entre países e incluso dentro de un mismo país. Esto quiere decir, que no se debe olvidar los aspectos compartidos por las culturales en relación al self (etic), pero sin caer en el olvido de los aspectos particulares (emic) o idiosincrático, que son los que finalmente le dan las particularidades al autoconcepto.
Self-concept has been crucial to the description of human beings since ancient times. Different authors have offered definitions and approaches to the study of the self. Many instruments have been developed to measure this multi-faceted construct. However, there is great difficulty in using definitions and instruments developed in one ecosystem to describe the peoples from different cultures. In order to include the universals and idiosyncrasies of the self, a model that takes culture into account is needed. The purpose of this article is to compare the cognitive, emotional, and motivational aspects of the self-concept in different countries representing the east-west and north-south axis, such as Mexico, Peru, Japan, China, United States and Chile, from a psycho-socio-cultural point of view. The paradigm for this purpose included descriptions and comparisons based on Hofstede´s cultural syndromes, as well as an overview of some instruments that have been used to measure the construct. The discussion focuses on the importance of considering culture to understand the meanings of this construct, placing emphasis on the methodological tools derived from the theoretical orientation and the attentions that must be had when making cross-cultural comparisons, be it Between countries and even within the same country. This means that we must not forget the aspects shared by cultures in the relationship with oneself (etic), but we must forget about the particular aspects (emic) or idiosyncratic aspects, which are what are finally given by the particularities to self-concept.
Self-concept has been crucial to the description of human beings since ancient times. Different authors have offered definitions and approaches to the study of the self. Many instruments have been developed to measure this multi-faceted construct. However, there is great difficulty in using definitions and instruments developed in one ecosystem to describe the peoples from different cultures. In order to include the universals and idiosyncrasies of the self, a model that takes culture into account is needed. The purpose of this article is to compare the cognitive, emotional, and motivational aspects of the self-concept in different countries representing the east-west and north-south axis, such as Mexico, Peru, Japan, China, United States and Chile, from a psycho-socio-cultural point of view. The paradigm for this purpose included descriptions and comparisons based on Hofstede´s cultural syndromes, as well as an overview of some instruments that have been used to measure the construct. The discussion focuses on the importance of considering culture to understand the meanings of this construct, placing emphasis on the methodological tools derived from the theoretical orientation and the attentions that must be had when making cross-cultural comparisons, be it Between countries and even within the same country. This means that we must not forget the aspects shared by cultures in the relationship with oneself (etic), but we must forget about the particular aspects (emic) or idiosyncratic aspects, which are what are finally given by the particularities to self-concept.
Description
Se agradece el apoyo otorgado por la Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA) a través del Programa de Apoyos para la Superación del Personal Académico (PASPA) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México para la realización
de este manuscrito