Conocimiento de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad por parte de fonoaudiólogos de la región de Valparaíso, Chile
Conocimiento de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad por parte de fonoaudiólogos de la región de Valparaíso, Chile
Authors
Silva Ríos, Angélica Pilar
Del Campo Rivas, Manuel
Pérez Pérez, Rodrigo
Del Campo Rivas, Manuel
Pérez Pérez, Rodrigo
Profesor Guía
Authors
Date
2020
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/cuhSO -v30N2-art194
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.30, N°2, 189-202, 2020
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.30, N°2, 189-202, 2020
Tipo de recurso
Artículo de Revista
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades
Keywords
Fonoaudiología - Rehabilitación basada en la comunidad - Salud pública
Materia geográfica
Chile
Valparaíso
Valparaíso
Collections
Abstract
La Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad (RBC) representa un nuevo ámbito de trabajo para fonoaudiólogos(as) en Chile. En la región de Valparaíso co-existen organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) y otras instituciones donde la RBC constituye un marco de acción para el quehacer profesional. A la fecha y desde la fonoaudiología, no se ha descrito el manejo teórico-práctico de los profesionales que se desempeñan en este sector. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir el conocimiento que poseen los fonoaudiólogos respecto a la estrategia RBC y cómo estos saberes se ajustan a su práctica profesional. Investigación convergente paralela a partir de un estudio observacional-descriptivo, de corte transversal, complementado con un diagnóstico participativo. Un 22% de los informantes comunica que las instituciones donde trabajan adscriben a la RBC, el 78% cuenta con contratos inferiores a 12 horas semanales y 83% considera que su jornada no le permite realizar acciones atingentes a la estrategia. Un 50% define de forma adecuada la RBC y el 88% acierta al identificar los pilares de la misma. Un 75% de los consultados refiere el ser agente de salud como eje central de su labor y un 25% comunica que sus responsabilidades han de centrarse en la ejecución de talleres comunitarios. Los profesionales observan a la comunidad como un otro al cual asisten sanitariamente y declaran la necesidad de transitar hacia un paradigma donde domine la promoción y la prevención. El conocimiento de la RBC por parte de fonoaudiólogos participantes del estudio, es aún intuitivo no existiendo cohe-rencia entre los saberes teóricos y prácticos declarados. Es necesario fortalecer la formación a nivel de pre y posgrado, con objeto de alinear la práctica fonoau-diológica con las recomendaciones internacionales de la RBC.
Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) represents a new field of work for Speech and Language Pathologists (SLPs) in Chile. In the fifth re-gion of Valparaíso-Chile, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other institutions coexist and the CBR represents a framework of action for professional work. To date and from SLP, the theoretical-practical management of professionals working in this field has not been described. The objective of this research was to describe the knowledge that SLPs have regarding the CBR strategy and how this knowledge fits their professional practice. Parallel con-vergent study based on a cross-sectional observational-descriptive study, complemented by a participatory diagnosis. Twenty-two percent of the informants reported that the institutions where they work are aligned with CBR, 78% have contracts of less than 12 hours per week and 83% consider that their workday does not allow them to carry out actions related to the strategy. Fifty percent adequately defines the CBR and 88% can identify the pillars of it. Seventy-five percent of those consulted refer to being a health agent as the central axis of their work and 25% report that their responsibilities should focus on the exe-cution of community workshops. The professionals observe the community as “another” to which they healthily assist and declare the need to move towards a paradigm where promotion and prevention dominate. The knowledge of the CBR by SLPs is still intuitive and there is no coherence between the theoretical and practical knowledge declared. It is necessary to strengthen pre and post-graduate training, in order to align the SLPs practice with the international guidelines of the CBR.
Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) represents a new field of work for Speech and Language Pathologists (SLPs) in Chile. In the fifth re-gion of Valparaíso-Chile, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other institutions coexist and the CBR represents a framework of action for professional work. To date and from SLP, the theoretical-practical management of professionals working in this field has not been described. The objective of this research was to describe the knowledge that SLPs have regarding the CBR strategy and how this knowledge fits their professional practice. Parallel con-vergent study based on a cross-sectional observational-descriptive study, complemented by a participatory diagnosis. Twenty-two percent of the informants reported that the institutions where they work are aligned with CBR, 78% have contracts of less than 12 hours per week and 83% consider that their workday does not allow them to carry out actions related to the strategy. Fifty percent adequately defines the CBR and 88% can identify the pillars of it. Seventy-five percent of those consulted refer to being a health agent as the central axis of their work and 25% report that their responsibilities should focus on the exe-cution of community workshops. The professionals observe the community as “another” to which they healthily assist and declare the need to move towards a paradigm where promotion and prevention dominate. The knowledge of the CBR by SLPs is still intuitive and there is no coherence between the theoretical and practical knowledge declared. It is necessary to strengthen pre and post-graduate training, in order to align the SLPs practice with the international guidelines of the CBR.