Efectos de la contaminación atmosférica por material particulado en las enfermedades respiratorias agudas en menores de 5 años
Efectos de la contaminación atmosférica por material particulado en las enfermedades respiratorias agudas en menores de 5 años
Authors
Authors
Date
2015-07-23
Datos de publicación:
10.4067/S0717-95532004000200004
Keywords
Contaminación atmosférica - Polución - Enfermedades respiratorias - Material particulado - Infecciones respiratorias agudas
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Abstract
La contaminación atmosférica constituye uno de los principales problemas ambientales de Chile centro sur y sus efectos en la salud se reconocen parcialmente.
Esta investigación identifica el perfil de consulta por enfermedades respiratorias en los niños menores de 5 años y correlaciona los fenómenos críticos de contaminación atmosférica con las consultas por Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas (IRA) en dos centros de salud de la ciudad de Temuco.
Para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional en base a menores de 5 años que acuden por IRA a los Centros de Atención Primaria Santa Rosa y Amanecer de la ciudad de Temuco (6.285 menores) entre los años 2000 y 2002. Se analizaron los datos con Stata 7.0 y con un nivel de significación del 5%.
En los resultados se observan diferencias significativas que permiten afirmar que en los períodos de contaminación atmosférica, se genera un aumento en las consultas por IRA, en ambos consultorios. Además, la investigación mostró que existe relación entre eventos de contaminación atmosférica e IRA, haciéndose necesario conformar un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, capaz de generar información para definir la relación entre concentración de contaminantes y daños a la salud y establecer niveles de alerta, siendo la enfermera uno de los profesionales que debiese participar en los grupos multidisciplinarios.
Atmospheric pollution is one of the principal environmental problems of Central Southern Chile and its effects on health are partially recognized. This research identifies the profile of consultations for respiratory diseases in children under 5 years of age and correlates the critical phenomena of atmospheric pollution with consultations for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in two health centers in the city of Temuco. To do this, a descriptive correlative study was carried out, based on the children under 5 years old who attended the Santa Rosa and Amanecer First Aid Centers in the city of Temuco between the years 2000 and 2002, suffering from ARI (6,285 children). The data were analyzed using Stata 7.0 and with a confidence level of 5%. The results show significant variations, enabling us to state that in periods of atmospheric pollution an increase of consultations for ARI is generated in both Centers. Moreover the research showed that a relationship exists between atmospheric pollution events and ARI, meaning that it is necessary to create an epidemiological alert system capable of generating information to define the relationship between the concentration of pollutants and damage to health, and also to establish alert levels of warning, being the nurse one of the professionals that should participate in the multidisciplinary groups.
Atmospheric pollution is one of the principal environmental problems of Central Southern Chile and its effects on health are partially recognized. This research identifies the profile of consultations for respiratory diseases in children under 5 years of age and correlates the critical phenomena of atmospheric pollution with consultations for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in two health centers in the city of Temuco. To do this, a descriptive correlative study was carried out, based on the children under 5 years old who attended the Santa Rosa and Amanecer First Aid Centers in the city of Temuco between the years 2000 and 2002, suffering from ARI (6,285 children). The data were analyzed using Stata 7.0 and with a confidence level of 5%. The results show significant variations, enabling us to state that in periods of atmospheric pollution an increase of consultations for ARI is generated in both Centers. Moreover the research showed that a relationship exists between atmospheric pollution events and ARI, meaning that it is necessary to create an epidemiological alert system capable of generating information to define the relationship between the concentration of pollutants and damage to health, and also to establish alert levels of warning, being the nurse one of the professionals that should participate in the multidisciplinary groups.