Desempleo y flexibilización: Alemania Federal y Chile frente a las transformaciones del capitalismo (Décadas de 1970 y 1980)
Desempleo y flexibilización: Alemania Federal y Chile frente a las transformaciones del capitalismo (Décadas de 1970 y 1980)
Authors
Llanos, Claudio
González, José Antonio
Stillerman, Joel
González, José Antonio
Stillerman, Joel
Profesor Guía
Authors
Date
2021
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/CUHSO-V31N1.art2413
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.31, N°1, 200-226, 2021
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.31, N°1, 200-226, 2021
Tipo de recurso
Artículo de Revista
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades
Keywords
Desempleo - Flexibilización - Crisis - Chile - Alemania
Materia geográfica
Chile
Alemania Federal
Alemania
Alemania Federal
Alemania
Collections
Abstract
Este artículo analiza las respuestas a la crisis de los 1970s y la de 1982, de Chile y Alemania Federal. Crisis que impactaron en contextos diferentes, tanto a nivel de posiciones en la economía capitalista, como en lo referente a los regímenes políticos. En ambos países se plantearon el desempleo y los cambios en los ámbitos del trabajo. En este contexto, en Chile, las turbulen-cias económicas mundiales, se ligaron a la reacción violenta de los militares a la “vía chilena al socialismo” que, en alianza con las grandes empresas y economistas neoliberales, permitieron el desarrollo de las políticas neoliberales. Alemania Federal respondió al final del “milagro económico” de la posguerra con políticas gradualistas que preservaron el Estado del bienestar. La economía coordinada de Alemania Federal y la influencia de los sindicatos dentro de los dos grandes partidos políticos postergaron la aplicación de estas políticas has-ta los 2000. La comparación demuestra la importancia de las configuraciones políticas de cada país para explicar sus políticas económicas y sociales frente a cambios de la economía global. De esta forma, se evidencia que la política es el campo de construcción de las diversas alternativas frente a las dinámicas del capitalismo.
This paper analyzes Chile’s and the Federal Republic of Germany’s responses to the 1970s and 1982 economic crises. These crises affected these two countries differently, given their positions in the world economy and their distinct political regimes. In both countries, political debates focused on unemployment and the changing character of work. In this context, in Chile, the global economic crisis was the context for the military’s violent reaction to the “Chilean road to socialism.” The military alliance with big business and neolib-eral economists facilitated the development of neoliberal policies. The Federal Republic of Germany responded to the end of the postwar "economic miracle" with gradualist policies that preserved the welfare state. The Federal Republic of Germany’s coordinated market economy and the trade unions’ influence within the two major political parties delayed the implementation of neoliberal policies until the 2000s. This comparison demonstrates the importance of each country’s political configurations for explaining their economic and social pol-icies in the context of a changing global economy. In this regard, politics is the key field for the development of diverse responses to global capitalist processes.
This paper analyzes Chile’s and the Federal Republic of Germany’s responses to the 1970s and 1982 economic crises. These crises affected these two countries differently, given their positions in the world economy and their distinct political regimes. In both countries, political debates focused on unemployment and the changing character of work. In this context, in Chile, the global economic crisis was the context for the military’s violent reaction to the “Chilean road to socialism.” The military alliance with big business and neolib-eral economists facilitated the development of neoliberal policies. The Federal Republic of Germany responded to the end of the postwar "economic miracle" with gradualist policies that preserved the welfare state. The Federal Republic of Germany’s coordinated market economy and the trade unions’ influence within the two major political parties delayed the implementation of neoliberal policies until the 2000s. This comparison demonstrates the importance of each country’s political configurations for explaining their economic and social pol-icies in the context of a changing global economy. In this regard, politics is the key field for the development of diverse responses to global capitalist processes.