Salud mental detrás de las rejas: el arte como herramienta terapéutica con jóvenes infractores de ley en Chile
Salud mental detrás de las rejas: el arte como herramienta terapéutica con jóvenes infractores de ley en Chile
Authors
Alarcón Bravo, Carolina
Barría Urrutia, Richard
Barría Urrutia, Richard
Authors
Date
2022
Datos de publicación:
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.32, N°1, 230-252, 2022
Keywords
Salud mental - Jóvenes infractores de ley - Arteterapia - Intervención
Collections
Abstract
El presente artículo tiene por objetivo reflexionar en torno a la situa-ción actual de salud mental de los niños, niñas, adolescentes y jóvenes (NNAJ) que se encuentran privados de libertad en Chile y levantar los principales obstaculizadores y facilitadores que aparecen en la intervención en primera línea con esta población. Además, desde una perspectiva crítica y situada, se presenta la sistematización de una práctica que propone el arte terapia como una herramienta de intervención que facilita el vínculo terapéutico entre los operadores y los niños, niñas, adolescentes y Jóvenes (NNAJ), y que, además, se transforma en un elemento de encuentro y de expresión de emociones en un contexto y espacio determinado. La perspectiva metodológica utilizada fue de carácter cualitativa y se manejaron distintas técnicas del método etnográfico, como la observación participante, las notas de campo y conversaciones en el contexto de la intervención. Como conclusión, el arte terapia en contextos carcelarios se transforma en una herramienta que favorece el desarrollo per-sonal y la expresión emocional, logrando un mayor bienestar en los jóvenes. Además, permite aliviar ciertos malestares asociados a las historias de vida de los adolescentes, las cuales han estado marcadas por la violencia estructural, la precariedad, la institucionalización y la estigmatización social.
This article aims to reflect on the current mental health situation of children, adolescents and young people (NNAJ by its abreviation in Spa-nish) who are deprived of their liberty in Chile and identify the main obstacles and facilitators that appear at the frontline intervention with this population. In addition, from a critical and situated perspective, the systematization of a practice that proposes art therapy as an intervention tool that facilitates the therapeutic bond between the operators and the NNAJ is presented, and that, in addition, becomes an element of meeting and expression of emotions in a given context and space. The methodological perspective used was qualitati-ve in nature and different techniques of the ethnographic method were used, such as participant observation, field notes and conversations in the context of participant observation. In conclusion, art therapy in prison contexts becomes a tool that favors personal development and emotional expression, achieving greater well-being in young people. In addition, it allows to alleviate certain discomforts associated with the life stories of adolescents, which have been marked by structural violence, precariousness, institutionalization and social stigmatization.
This article aims to reflect on the current mental health situation of children, adolescents and young people (NNAJ by its abreviation in Spa-nish) who are deprived of their liberty in Chile and identify the main obstacles and facilitators that appear at the frontline intervention with this population. In addition, from a critical and situated perspective, the systematization of a practice that proposes art therapy as an intervention tool that facilitates the therapeutic bond between the operators and the NNAJ is presented, and that, in addition, becomes an element of meeting and expression of emotions in a given context and space. The methodological perspective used was qualitati-ve in nature and different techniques of the ethnographic method were used, such as participant observation, field notes and conversations in the context of participant observation. In conclusion, art therapy in prison contexts becomes a tool that favors personal development and emotional expression, achieving greater well-being in young people. In addition, it allows to alleviate certain discomforts associated with the life stories of adolescents, which have been marked by structural violence, precariousness, institutionalization and social stigmatization.