Adaptation and Validation of a Test for the Evaluation of Tactical Knowledge in Soccer: Test de Conocimiento Tactico Ofensivo en Futbol for the Brazilian Context (TCTOF-BRA)
Adaptation and Validation of a Test for the Evaluation of Tactical Knowledge in Soccer: Test de Conocimiento Tactico Ofensivo en Futbol for the Brazilian Context (TCTOF-BRA)
Authors
Rechenchosky, Leandro
Menegassi, Vanessa Menezes
Jaime, Matheus de Oliveira
Borges, Paulo Henrique
Serra Olivares, Jaime
Rinaldi, Wilson
Menegassi, Vanessa Menezes
Jaime, Matheus de Oliveira
Borges, Paulo Henrique
Serra Olivares, Jaime
Rinaldi, Wilson
Profesor GuĆa
Authors
Date
Datos de publicaciĆ³n:
10.3389/fpsyg.2022.849255
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY,Vol.13,,2022
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY,Vol.13,,2022
Tipo de recurso
Article
Keywords
Materia geogrƔfica
Collections
Abstract
BackgroundStudies and tests to assess the tactical domain of young soccer players are recent, and few instruments meet the majority of quality criteria. ObjectiveTo adapt and validate the Test de Conocimiento Tactico Ofensivo en Futbol (TCTOF) for the Brazilian context (TCTOF-BRA). MethodsThe article consists of two studies. Study 1 (n = 111) included the translation, theoretical/semantic analysis, back translation, cross-cultural equivalence, and content and face validity (pre-test). In study 2 (n = 768), a theoretical and empirical item analysis was carried out, followed by construct validity [exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the known-groups method] and reliability (internal consistency and repeatability). ResultsIn the cross-cultural evaluation, the Coefficient of content validity total (CCVt) of the instrument was 0.96 and in the content validity, the CCVt of the instrument was 0.87. The face validity was confirmed (>95%). After theoretical and empirical analysis, 15 questions were included in the Teste de Conhecimento Tatico Ofensivo no Futebol (TCTOF-BRA). The EFA showed a model with adequate fit (KMO = 0.69; Bartlett p < 0.001), with a factor structure considered very good, composed of four factors (decision making, operational tactical principles, collective tactical-technical elements, and rules). The CFA by the Asymptotically Distribution-Free estimation method demonstrated good and very good goodness of fit indices (X-2/df = 1.54, GFI = 0.99, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.92, PGFI = 0.71, PCFI = 0.76, RMSEA = 0.03, and ECVI = 0.26). The known-groups method showed significant differences (p < 0.01) and effect sizes varying from small-to-medium to large. With respect to reliability, coefficients of 0.89 (CR) and 0.74 (KR20) for internal consistency and 0.85 for repeatability were found. ConclusionThe TCTOF-BRA presented satisfactory evidence, demonstrating it to be an instrument with valid and reliable measures for the evaluation of tactical knowledge (declarative and theoretical procedural), based on specific knowledge and decision making (cognitive domain), of Brazilian young soccer players from 12 to 17.9 years old.