La configuración de la flexibilización laboral. 50 años de transformaciones internacionales del mundo del trabajo
La configuración de la flexibilización laboral. 50 años de transformaciones internacionales del mundo del trabajo
Authors
Llanos, Claudio
González, José
González, José
Authors
Date
2023
Datos de publicación:
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.33, N°2, 102-133, 2023
Keywords
Historia del trabajo - Décadas de 1970 y 1980 - Flexibilidad laboral - Seguridad laboral - Precarización laboral
Collections
Abstract
A partir del estudio de diversas investigaciones, este artículo aborda los cambios en el mundo del trabajo desde la década de 1970, influenciados por el capitalismo industrial y marcados por la transformación laboral a través de una mayor flexibilidad laboral y la disminución de la seguridad en el empleo. Estos cambios fueron respuestas a las turbulencias económicas y a los avances tecnológicos que condujeron a un aumento del desempleo y a una disminución de la influencia sindical en la política laboral. Se subraya la importancia de adoptar una perspectiva sincrónica para comprender la historia del trabajo, donde diversas formas de relaciones laborales coexisten en el contexto del ca-pitalismo en momentos específicos. Se destacan diversos modelos de trabajo, tanto a nivel internacional como nacional, lo que refleja la dimensión global de este fenómeno. La flexibilidad laboral y la precariedad afectaron a sectores de la fuerza laboral en condiciones inestables, mientras que otros disfrutaron de mejores condiciones laborales en sociedades capitalistas, tanto en el núcleo como en la periferia. La experiencia chilena desde el golpe de Estado de 1973 se integra en este contexto histórico de transformaciones en el mundo del tra-bajo, caracterizado por la aplicación de concepciones neoliberales críticas en cuanto a la expansión de los derechos laborales y la seguridad en el empleo.
In light of various research studies, this article examines changes in the world of work since the 1970s, influenced by industrial capitalism and marked by labor transformation through increased labor flexibility and redu-ced job security. These changes were responses to economic turbulence and technological advancements, which resulted in rising unemployment rates and a decrease in labor union influence in labor policy. The importance of adop-ting a synchronic perspective is emphasized to understand the history of labor, where various forms of labor relations coexist in the context of capitalism at specific moments. Various models of labor, both on an international and natio-nal scale, are highlighted, reflecting the global dimension of this phenomenon. Labor flexibility and precariousness affected sectors of the workforce in uns-table conditions, while others enjoyed better labor conditions in capitalist so-cieties, both in the core and periphery. The Chilean experience since the coup d'état of 1973 is integrated into this historical context of transformations in the world of work, characterized by the application of critical neoliberal concepts regarding the expansion of labor rights and job security.
In light of various research studies, this article examines changes in the world of work since the 1970s, influenced by industrial capitalism and marked by labor transformation through increased labor flexibility and redu-ced job security. These changes were responses to economic turbulence and technological advancements, which resulted in rising unemployment rates and a decrease in labor union influence in labor policy. The importance of adop-ting a synchronic perspective is emphasized to understand the history of labor, where various forms of labor relations coexist in the context of capitalism at specific moments. Various models of labor, both on an international and natio-nal scale, are highlighted, reflecting the global dimension of this phenomenon. Labor flexibility and precariousness affected sectors of the workforce in uns-table conditions, while others enjoyed better labor conditions in capitalist so-cieties, both in the core and periphery. The Chilean experience since the coup d'état of 1973 is integrated into this historical context of transformations in the world of work, characterized by the application of critical neoliberal concepts regarding the expansion of labor rights and job security.