El relato turístico mapuche: identidad, territorio y políticas públicas
El relato turístico mapuche: identidad, territorio y políticas públicas
Authors
De la Maza Cabrera, Francisca
Huisca Cheuquefilo, Eugenia
Huisca Cheuquefilo, Eugenia
Profesor Guía
Authors
Date
2020
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/cuhSO -v30N2-art205
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.30, N°2, 98-118, 2020
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.30, N°2, 98-118, 2020
Tipo de recurso
Artículo de Revista
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades
Keywords
Políticas públicas - Turismo mapuche - Relato turístico - Fortalecimiento identitario - Identity strengthening
Materia geográfica
Chile
La Araucanía
La Araucanía
Collections
Abstract
El artículo aborda el relato turístico mapuche en los procesos identitarios y territoriales locales focalizado en la Región de La Araucanía. La perspectiva de análisis se centra en concepciones antropológicas relacionadas al turismo indígena, autenticidad, narrativa turística y el relato mapuche. La metodología de investigación es etnográfica por medio de trabajo de campo, incluyendo observación participante, entrevistas en profundidad, reuniones grupales y seguimiento de prensa, relacionadas a diversos ámbitos donde se implementan tanto acciones estatales como autogestionadas vinculadas al de-sarrollo turístico mapuche. El relato turístico mapuche constituye la principal distinción de la oferta de turismo mapuche, que lo diferencia de cualquier otra experiencia turística. La valoración y construcción cultural e histórica, en este contexto de desarrollo turístico mapuche, son claves para esta distinción que se interrelaciona con otros procesos que viven los sectores mapuches de la región, como son reivindicación territorial, resistencia frente a la presencia de proyectos extractivistas y demandas por derechos políticos vinculados a las condiciones de pérdida y degradación de las tierras. La construcción del relato turístico en general se de-sarrolla en un contexto de implementación de políticas públicas que fomentan el turismo indígena y que son ejecutados por agentes privados que toman el rol de intermediarios y ejecutores de la política pública. Dependiendo de estos intermediarios/ejecutores, a través de programas y proyectos, el relato puede constituirse en una forma de fortalecimiento identitario y territorial, o en una reproducción de un discurso orientado sólo al potencial turista. En este proceso de construcción de relato se desarrollan diversas situaciones que permiten profundizar en los matices de la acción estatal referido al pueblo mapuche. Se identifican las formas en que el turismo mapuche se expresa en el espacio local no sólo como una oportunidad económica, sino más bien como un proceso de fortalecimiento e incluso de resistencia cultural territorial.
The article approaches the Mapuche tourism storytelling in the local identity and territorial processes focused on the Araucanía Region. The perspective of analysis focuses on anthropological conceptions related to in-digenous tourism, authenticity, touristic narrative and mapuche storytelling.The research methodology is ethnographic through fieldwork, including parti-cipant observation, in-depth interviews, group meetings and press follow-up, related to various areas where both state and self-managed actions linked to Mapuche tourism development are implemented. The Mapuche tourism storytelling constitutes the main distinction of the Mapuche touristic offer, which differentiates it from any other touristic experience. The valuation and cultural and historical construction, in this context of Mapuche tourism development, are key to this distinction that is interrelated with other processes that the Mapuche sectors of the region are experiencing, such as territorial claims, resistance to the presence of extractive projects and political demands linked to the conditions of loss and degradation of land. The construction of the tourism storytelling in general takes place in a context of implementation of public policies that promote indigenous tourism and that are executed by private agents who take on the role of intermediaries and exe-cutors of public policy. Depending on these intermediaries/executors, through programs and projects, the story can be constituted as a form of strengthening of identity and territorial, or as a reproduction of a discourse oriented only to the potential tourist. In this process of building a story, various situations are developed that allow us to go deeper into the nuances of state action with regard to the Mapuche people. The ways in which Mapuche tourism is expres-sed in the local space are identified not only as an economic opportunity, but rather as a process of strengthening and even territorial cultural resistance.
The article approaches the Mapuche tourism storytelling in the local identity and territorial processes focused on the Araucanía Region. The perspective of analysis focuses on anthropological conceptions related to in-digenous tourism, authenticity, touristic narrative and mapuche storytelling.The research methodology is ethnographic through fieldwork, including parti-cipant observation, in-depth interviews, group meetings and press follow-up, related to various areas where both state and self-managed actions linked to Mapuche tourism development are implemented. The Mapuche tourism storytelling constitutes the main distinction of the Mapuche touristic offer, which differentiates it from any other touristic experience. The valuation and cultural and historical construction, in this context of Mapuche tourism development, are key to this distinction that is interrelated with other processes that the Mapuche sectors of the region are experiencing, such as territorial claims, resistance to the presence of extractive projects and political demands linked to the conditions of loss and degradation of land. The construction of the tourism storytelling in general takes place in a context of implementation of public policies that promote indigenous tourism and that are executed by private agents who take on the role of intermediaries and exe-cutors of public policy. Depending on these intermediaries/executors, through programs and projects, the story can be constituted as a form of strengthening of identity and territorial, or as a reproduction of a discourse oriented only to the potential tourist. In this process of building a story, various situations are developed that allow us to go deeper into the nuances of state action with regard to the Mapuche people. The ways in which Mapuche tourism is expres-sed in the local space are identified not only as an economic opportunity, but rather as a process of strengthening and even territorial cultural resistance.