Vulnerabilidades y estrategias de supervivencia de mujeres en situación de calle
Vulnerabilidades y estrategias de supervivencia de mujeres en situación de calle
Authors
Zabala-Sandoval, Juan David
Profesor Guía
Authors
Date
2022
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/CUHSO-V32N2-ART2524
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.32, N°2, 167-194, 2022
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.32, N°2, 167-194, 2022
Tipo de recurso
Artículo de Revista
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades
Keywords
Personas en situación de calle - Situación de calle - Vulnerabilidad - Violencia de género - Cuerpo
Materia geográfica
Colombia
Ibagué
Ibagué
Collections
Abstract
La situación de calle es, para muchos, una de las expresiones más crudas de precariedad, pobreza y vulnerabilidad. El presente trabajo plantea una aproximación a las experiencias y estrategias de supervivencia de mujeres en situación de calle a partir de herramientas conceptuales aportadas por el enfoque de “activos-vulnerabilidad-estructura de oportunidades” (AVEO), con la finalidad de generar una lectura comprensiva de las especificidades de esta población. Para ello, se realizó un contraste entre la literatura y una serie de entrevistas a mujeres en situación de calle de la ciudad de Ibagué, Colombia. Se identificaron algunos de factores de vulnerabilidad y de violencia de género, y se describieron brevemente tres estrategias de supervivencia que propenden por el uso de diferentes activos con tal de afrontar las necesidades básicas en el día a día, tales como el uso de la oferta institucional existente, el recurso a las interacciones y las relaciones sociales y afectivas como forma de satisfacer las exigencias vitales inmediatas y el uso del cuerpo como un activo. Se evidencia una racionalidad práctica que orienta las formas de vida en la calle, a partir de la cual las mujeres logran sobrevivir en el marco de sus vulnerabilidades consa-bidas. Se concluye que es necesario continuar con la identificación de los facto-res de vulnerabilidad específicos de cada contexto territorial con tal de plantear intervenciones que amplíen y fortalezcan la estructura de oportunidades, y de esa forma, pensar en intervenciones que no se limiten al asistencialismo y la negación de la agencia de los actores. También, se abre la discusión de la adecuación del enfoque para analizar el papel de elementos como el cuerpo.
Homelessness is, for many, one of the crudest expressions of pre-cariousness, poverty, and vulnerability. This paper presents an approach to homeless women's experiences and survival strategies based on the concep-tual tools provided by the approach of the "assets-vulnerability-opportunities structure" (AVEO) approach, in order to generate a comprehensive reading of this population' s specificities. To this end, we contrast the literature and a se-mi-structured interview series with homeless women in the city of Ibagué, Co-lombia. We identify some of the vulnerability and gender violence factors, as well as to briefly describe three survival strategies in which the use of different assets is advocated to meet basic daily needs, such as the use of the existing institutional offer, the use of social and affective interactions and relationships as a way of satisfying immediate vital demands, and the use of the body as an asset. It is concluded that there is practical rationality that guides the ways of life on the street, from which women manage to survive within the framework of their known vulnerabilities. Ultimately, it is necessary to identify the specific vulnerability factors of each territorial context to propose interventions that have an impact on expanding and strengthening the structure of opportunities, thus making it possible to think of interventions that do not fall back on wel-fare and the denial of the actors' agency. It also opens the discussion about the approach’s adequacy to analyze the symbolic elements’ role, such as the body.
Homelessness is, for many, one of the crudest expressions of pre-cariousness, poverty, and vulnerability. This paper presents an approach to homeless women's experiences and survival strategies based on the concep-tual tools provided by the approach of the "assets-vulnerability-opportunities structure" (AVEO) approach, in order to generate a comprehensive reading of this population' s specificities. To this end, we contrast the literature and a se-mi-structured interview series with homeless women in the city of Ibagué, Co-lombia. We identify some of the vulnerability and gender violence factors, as well as to briefly describe three survival strategies in which the use of different assets is advocated to meet basic daily needs, such as the use of the existing institutional offer, the use of social and affective interactions and relationships as a way of satisfying immediate vital demands, and the use of the body as an asset. It is concluded that there is practical rationality that guides the ways of life on the street, from which women manage to survive within the framework of their known vulnerabilities. Ultimately, it is necessary to identify the specific vulnerability factors of each territorial context to propose interventions that have an impact on expanding and strengthening the structure of opportunities, thus making it possible to think of interventions that do not fall back on wel-fare and the denial of the actors' agency. It also opens the discussion about the approach’s adequacy to analyze the symbolic elements’ role, such as the body.