Conflicto y (re)producción de espacio en tierra pewenche: disputas en torno a la Reserva Nacional Alto Bío-Bío, Lonquimay
Conflicto y (re)producción de espacio en tierra pewenche: disputas en torno a la Reserva Nacional Alto Bío-Bío, Lonquimay
Authors
Sepúlveda, Bastien
Profesor Guía
Authors
Date
2020
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/cuhSO -v30N2-art220
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.30, N°2, 41-70, 2020
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.30, N°2, 41-70, 2020
Tipo de recurso
Artículo de Revista
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades
Keywords
Comunidades pewenches - Áreas protegidas - Reivindicaciones territoriales - Conflicto intra-étnico
Materia geográfica
Chile
Lonquimay
Lonquimay
Collections
Abstract
Se analiza en este artículo la manera en que el manejo de las áreas protegidas establecidas en territorios indígenas se ve influenciado e incluso determinado por las dinámicas socio-políticas propias de las comunidades locales. A través del caso de la Reserva Nacional Alto Bío-Bío en Chile, se demuestra que, si bien la relación que une los pueblos indígenas a las áreas prote-gidas resulta ser indudablemente “conflictual”, el conflicto no solamente se da entre los indígenas y el Estado o entre los indígenas y sus vecinos no indígenas, sino también entre las propias comunidades indígenas. Se propone avanzar así en la comprensión del conflicto y sus funciones, destacando que, por un lado, el conflicto permite visualizar las tensiones existentes en torno al acceso y/o apropiación de determinados espacios, pero que, por el otro, actúa como una suerte de catalizador que redefine las relaciones de poder entre los actores en presencia, (re)posicionándolos social y políticamente y (re)distribuyéndolos espacialmente. Este proceso es analizado en la perspectiva de una “geograf ía del conflicto”, enfoque a través del cual se aborda y considera la experiencia de las comunidades pewenches aledañas a la Reserva Nacional Alto Bío-Bío, cuyas movilizaciones resultaron en una nueva cartograf ía de los actores en presencia y sus respectivos espacios. Finalmente, se concluye planteando que el conflicto cumple una función de producción y resiliencia del entramado territorial pewenche.
This article focuses on the way in which the management of pro-tected areas established in Indigenous lands is influenced by the socio-political dynamics of local communities and stakeholders. Although the links between Indigenous peoples and protected areas remain undoubtedly “controversial”, it is shown, through the case of the Alto Bío-Bío National Reserve in Chile, that conflicts not only arise between Indigenous peoples and the State or between Indigenous peoples and non-Indigenous settlers, but also amongst Indigenous communities. In so doing, the article considers conflict as both a means to visualising tensions over the access and/or appropriation of specific places, and a catalyst which redefines power relations amongst local stakeholders by reappraising their social and political positions as well as their spatial loca-tions. Such a re-mapping process is analysed through a “conflict geography” perspective applied to the experience of the Alto Bío-Bío National Reserve’s neighbouring Pewenche communities and their political mobilisations, which created a new mapping of the actors and their spaces. The article eventually concludes on the role of conflict regarding the production and the resilience of Pewenche territoriality.
This article focuses on the way in which the management of pro-tected areas established in Indigenous lands is influenced by the socio-political dynamics of local communities and stakeholders. Although the links between Indigenous peoples and protected areas remain undoubtedly “controversial”, it is shown, through the case of the Alto Bío-Bío National Reserve in Chile, that conflicts not only arise between Indigenous peoples and the State or between Indigenous peoples and non-Indigenous settlers, but also amongst Indigenous communities. In so doing, the article considers conflict as both a means to visualising tensions over the access and/or appropriation of specific places, and a catalyst which redefines power relations amongst local stakeholders by reappraising their social and political positions as well as their spatial loca-tions. Such a re-mapping process is analysed through a “conflict geography” perspective applied to the experience of the Alto Bío-Bío National Reserve’s neighbouring Pewenche communities and their political mobilisations, which created a new mapping of the actors and their spaces. The article eventually concludes on the role of conflict regarding the production and the resilience of Pewenche territoriality.