Continuidad del sistema de AFP en democracia: el rol del poder de la elite económica
Continuidad del sistema de AFP en democracia: el rol del poder de la elite económica
Authors
Schiappacasse Bofill, Ignacio
Profesor Guía
Authors
Date
2021
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/RCHDCP-V11N2-ART2531
Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política, Vol.12, Nº1, 104-148, 2021
Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política, Vol.12, Nº1, 104-148, 2021
Tipo de recurso
Artículo de Revista
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas, Económicas y Administrativas
Keywords
Sistema de pensiones - AFP - Elite económica - Poder empresarial - Chile - Políticas sociales
Materia geográfica
Chile
Collections
Abstract
La necesidad de una reforma al sistema de AFP se ha mantenido constantemente en la agenda nacional desde el surgimiento del movimiento “No + AFP” a mediados del año 2016. Desde ese entonces, el sistema político no ha sido capaz de dar una respuesta satisfactoria a la demanda mayoritaria de cambios estructurales al sistema de pensiones, tema que ha recrudecido con la crisis provocada por el COVID-19. En este contexto, se hace especialmente relevante la pregunta sobre los factores que han determinado la extraordinaria resiliencia mostrada por el sistema de AFP desde el retorno a la democracia en 1990. Este trabajo argumenta que los modelos conceptuales existentes no en-tregan las herramientas analíticas adecuadas para entender este fenómeno. De esta forma, se propone suplementar el modelo tradicional para el estudio del poder empresarial con un marco conceptual que permite incluir en el análisis el rol jugado por paradigmas ideológicos dominantes en el proceso de toma decisiones. El modelo propuesto es especialmente efectivo para capturar in-versiones de largo plazo realizadas por la elite económica con el objetivo de au-mentar su poder. Asimismo, es relevante para comprender por qué la Concer-tación no sólo abandonó su programa original en materia de pensiones, sino que finalmente terminó profundizando la privatización del sistema de AFP.
Since mid-2016, when the “No more AFP” movement took to the streets to protest against the pension system based on individual capitalisation accounts, the need for a wide-ranging reform of the pension system has remai-ned at the top of the agenda. Nonetheless, Chile’s political system has not been able to address this issue, which has become especially salient and contentious during the COVID-driven crisis. In this context, a research question that ad-dresses the factors explaining the remarkable resilience of the AFP system in post-authoritarian Chile has become highly relevant. This work argues that the more influential current frameworks do not offer the necessary analytical tools to understand this issue comprehensively. As such, this article suggests that the traditional, structural-instrumental analytical framework for the study of business power should be supplemented with analysis of ideational elements of power. The augmented conceptual approach developed in this research is effective in capturing long-term, strategic investments carried out by the eco-nomic elite in order to increase their power. Likewise, this novel conceptual approach is useful for understanding why the Concertación party grouping not only abandoned its original programme, but ended up actually promoting fur-ther privatisation of the AFP system.
Since mid-2016, when the “No more AFP” movement took to the streets to protest against the pension system based on individual capitalisation accounts, the need for a wide-ranging reform of the pension system has remai-ned at the top of the agenda. Nonetheless, Chile’s political system has not been able to address this issue, which has become especially salient and contentious during the COVID-driven crisis. In this context, a research question that ad-dresses the factors explaining the remarkable resilience of the AFP system in post-authoritarian Chile has become highly relevant. This work argues that the more influential current frameworks do not offer the necessary analytical tools to understand this issue comprehensively. As such, this article suggests that the traditional, structural-instrumental analytical framework for the study of business power should be supplemented with analysis of ideational elements of power. The augmented conceptual approach developed in this research is effective in capturing long-term, strategic investments carried out by the eco-nomic elite in order to increase their power. Likewise, this novel conceptual approach is useful for understanding why the Concertación party grouping not only abandoned its original programme, but ended up actually promoting fur-ther privatisation of the AFP system.