La consulta previa como herramienta de la multiculturalidad en contextos migratorios: Evidencia desde Nuevo León, México
La consulta previa como herramienta de la multiculturalidad en contextos migratorios: Evidencia desde Nuevo León, México
Authors
Wright, Claire
Aguirre Sotelo, Víctor
Aguirre Sotelo, Víctor
Authors
Date
2019-06-13
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/RCHDYCP-V9N2-ART1787
Keywords
Pueblos indígenas - Migrantes - Multiculturalidad - México
Collections
Abstract
En los Estados latinoamericanos, las migraciones de los indígenas del campo a la ciudad tienen ya tintes históricos, no obstante, en los últimos años dichos
flujos se han acelerado, debido a conflictos extractivos en sus territorios ancestrales y la búsqueda de empleo. En este contexto, los gobiernos locales de ciudades que no cuentan con una población indígena autóctona se encuentran en una situación
inesperada de diversidad étnica que demanda una respuesta multicultural. Así es el caso de Nuevo León, un Estado industrial en el noreste de México, que ha recibido intensos flujos de migrantes indígenas desde la década de 1990, de forma que en 2015 más de cuatrocientas mil personas ahí residentes se autoadscribían como indígenas.
A partir de trabajo de campo realizado entre 2015 y 2017, se analiza la consulta previa –que se suele asociar con conflictos territoriales– como herramienta de multiculturalidad frente a flujos de migración indígena a contextos urbanos. Se sugiere que, aun cuando las consultas realizadas no cumplan ni con los estándares del Derecho Internacional ni con los preceptos básicos de la participación ciudadana, pueden ofrecer un espacio simbólico que acerca a las partes para conocerse y entablar un incipiente diálogo intercultural
Indigenous migration from rural to urban areas in Latin America has historical roots, however over recent years these flows have accelerated due to conflicts over the extraction of natural resources within the ancestral territories of indigenous peoples and the search for employment. In this context, local governments of areas which are not home to an autochthonous indigenous population find themselves in an unexpected situation of ethnic diversity which requires a multicultural response. Such is the case of Nuevo León, an industrial State in Mexico’s North East, which has received intense flows of indigenous migrants since the 1990s, to the extent that in 2015 more than 400,000 residents self-identified as indigenous. Based on fieldwork carried out between 2015 and 2017, this article analyses prior consultation –which is usually associated with conflict in indigenous territories– as a tool for multiculturalism in the face of migratory flows of indigenous people to urban centers. The study suggests that, even when the consultations carried out do not meet the standards of international law or the basic precepts of citizen participation, they can offer a symbolic space in which to bring different actors together and work towards intercultural dialogue
Indigenous migration from rural to urban areas in Latin America has historical roots, however over recent years these flows have accelerated due to conflicts over the extraction of natural resources within the ancestral territories of indigenous peoples and the search for employment. In this context, local governments of areas which are not home to an autochthonous indigenous population find themselves in an unexpected situation of ethnic diversity which requires a multicultural response. Such is the case of Nuevo León, an industrial State in Mexico’s North East, which has received intense flows of indigenous migrants since the 1990s, to the extent that in 2015 more than 400,000 residents self-identified as indigenous. Based on fieldwork carried out between 2015 and 2017, this article analyses prior consultation –which is usually associated with conflict in indigenous territories– as a tool for multiculturalism in the face of migratory flows of indigenous people to urban centers. The study suggests that, even when the consultations carried out do not meet the standards of international law or the basic precepts of citizen participation, they can offer a symbolic space in which to bring different actors together and work towards intercultural dialogue