El Sistema Nacional Integrado de Cuidados en Uruguay: ¿Acceso equitativo para la ciudadanía en tanto derecho universal?
El Sistema Nacional Integrado de Cuidados en Uruguay: ¿Acceso equitativo para la ciudadanía en tanto derecho universal?
Authors
Cafaro Mango, Ana
Authors
Date
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/0719-2789.2019.CUHSO.03.A02
Keywords
Sistema Nacional Integrado de Cuidados - Políticas públicas - Género
Collections
Abstract
Para comprender el Sistema Nacional Integrado de Cuidados (SNIC) que se está construyendo actualmente en Uruguay, es imprescindible introducir algunos conceptos básicos: género, construcción de ciudadanía, así como el derecho universal de las ciudadanas y ciudadanos a ser cuidados. Los debates sobre ciudadanía siguen planteando hoy un campo de tensión entre una concepción de ciudadanía universal y una de ciudadanía diferenciada, a partir del reconocimiento de la existencia de antagonismos no derivados del proceso de producción –como puede ser el de género- sino de procesos socio-culturales históricamente instalados. En el presente documento, se realizará un breve recorrido por las políticas de Cuidados en el Uruguay donde – desde el discurso institucional - se destacan fundamentalmente el reconocimiento del valor social de los cuidados, la corresponsabilidad entre familias, Estado, comunidad
y mercado, así como la consagración del cuarto pilar de bienestar como componente no tradicional de políticas sociales. La pregunta que surge entonces es si las políticas de Cuidados están logrando un acceso equitativo a quienes son sujetos de derecho en su calidad de ciudadanos y ciudadanas. Y aquí resulta interesante realizar algunas apreciaciones que a nuestro entender podrían estar brindando elementos hacia una plausible respuesta. ¿El SNIC logra poner en cuestión esta crisis socioreproductiva colocando como centralidad el tema de los cuidados como derecho humano universal asumiendo una perspectiva de género?
To understand the Integrated National System of Care (Sistema Nacional Integrado de Cuidados - SNIC) that is currently being built in Uruguay, it is essential to introduce some basic concepts: gender, construction of citizenship as well as the universal rights of the citizens to be cared for. Today, the debates on citizenship continue to present a field of tension between a conception of universal citizenship and one of differentiated citizenship, based on the recognition of the existence of antagonisms not derived from the production process, such as gender, but from social processes historically installed in cultures. This article presents a brief description of the care policies in Uruguay where - from the institutional discourse – there is recognition of the social value of care, the co-responsibility among families, State, community and market as well as the consecration of the fourth pillar of well-being as a non-traditional component of social policies. The question that arises then is whether the care policy is achieving equitable access to those who are subjects of rights in their capacity as citizens. And here it is interesting to make some appreciations that in our opinion could be providing elements towards a plausible response. Does the SNIC manage to put in question this social-productive crisis placing the issue of care as a universal human right from a gender perspective as a central issue?
To understand the Integrated National System of Care (Sistema Nacional Integrado de Cuidados - SNIC) that is currently being built in Uruguay, it is essential to introduce some basic concepts: gender, construction of citizenship as well as the universal rights of the citizens to be cared for. Today, the debates on citizenship continue to present a field of tension between a conception of universal citizenship and one of differentiated citizenship, based on the recognition of the existence of antagonisms not derived from the production process, such as gender, but from social processes historically installed in cultures. This article presents a brief description of the care policies in Uruguay where - from the institutional discourse – there is recognition of the social value of care, the co-responsibility among families, State, community and market as well as the consecration of the fourth pillar of well-being as a non-traditional component of social policies. The question that arises then is whether the care policy is achieving equitable access to those who are subjects of rights in their capacity as citizens. And here it is interesting to make some appreciations that in our opinion could be providing elements towards a plausible response. Does the SNIC manage to put in question this social-productive crisis placing the issue of care as a universal human right from a gender perspective as a central issue?