Características y desafíos de la migración para la seguridad social en la región latinoamericana
Características y desafíos de la migración para la seguridad social en la región latinoamericana
Authors
Arellano Ortíz, Pablo
Authors
Date
2014-08-23
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/RCHDYCP/V4N1/ART448
Keywords
América Latina - Informalidad - Seguridad social - Migrantes - Precariedad
Collections
Abstract
América Latina es considerada la zona con la mayor tasa de migración
en el mundo, con una población migrante interna estimada en más
de 25 millones. Esta región tiene otra característica importante en relación
a la cobertura de seguridad social: un alto nivel de informalidad, cerca del
50% de la población activa. La combinación de estos dos factores ha creado
una falta de protección de ciertas categorías de trabajadores. Sin embargo,
recientes reformas podrían ayudar a resolver esta exclusión, las cuales se
han adoptado en dos niveles. A nivel regional, el convenio multilateral iberoamericano
de seguridad social ha creado un mecanismo de coordinación de sistemas de seguridad social. A nivel nacional, algunas legislaciones recientes
cubren no sólo a los nacionales. A pesar de estos importantes avances
los trabajadores migrantes e informales siguen excluidos de protección.
¿Cómo los sistemas latinoamericanos de seguridad social puede ampliar la
cobertura para estas poblaciones? El mecanismo tradicional del seguro social
y su cotización ha demostrado un efecto limitado en la región. Los
mecanismos no contributivos pueden ser utilizados como una solución para
los trabajadores informales. Sin embargo, la cuestión de la cobertura para
los inmigrantes queda aún sin resolver.
The Latin American region is considered an area with the highest migration rate in the world, with an internal migrant population estimated in more than 25 million. This region has also another important characteristic in relation to social security coverage: a very high level of informality: about 50% of the active population. The combination of these two factors has created a lack of protection for certain categories of workers. Nevertheless, recent developments could help to solve this exclusion, which have been adopted in two levels. In a regional level, the multilateral iberoamerican agreement on social security has created a mechanism of coordination of social security system. In a national level, recent legislation that is applicable not only to national. However, even with these important developments migrant and informal workers still excluded of protection. How the Latin-American social security system can extend coverage for these populations? Traditional mechanism based on social insurance and contribution has shown a limited effect in the region. Non-contributory mechanism may be used as a solution for informal workers. However, the question of the coverage for migrants still unsolved for informal migrant workers.
The Latin American region is considered an area with the highest migration rate in the world, with an internal migrant population estimated in more than 25 million. This region has also another important characteristic in relation to social security coverage: a very high level of informality: about 50% of the active population. The combination of these two factors has created a lack of protection for certain categories of workers. Nevertheless, recent developments could help to solve this exclusion, which have been adopted in two levels. In a regional level, the multilateral iberoamerican agreement on social security has created a mechanism of coordination of social security system. In a national level, recent legislation that is applicable not only to national. However, even with these important developments migrant and informal workers still excluded of protection. How the Latin-American social security system can extend coverage for these populations? Traditional mechanism based on social insurance and contribution has shown a limited effect in the region. Non-contributory mechanism may be used as a solution for informal workers. However, the question of the coverage for migrants still unsolved for informal migrant workers.