Global maps of soil temperature

dc.contributor.authorLembrechts
dc.contributor.authorJonas J. van den Hoogen
dc.contributor.authorJohan Aalto
dc.contributor.authorJuha Ashcroft
dc.contributor.authorMichael B. De Frenne
dc.contributor.authorPieter Kemppinen
dc.contributor.authorJulia Kopecky
dc.contributor.authorMartin Luoto
dc.contributor.authorMiska Maclean
dc.contributor.authorIlya M. D. Crowther
dc.contributor.authorThomas W. Bailey
dc.contributor.authorJoseph J. Haesen
dc.contributor.authorStef Klinges
dc.contributor.authorDavid H. Niittynen
dc.contributor.authorPekka Scheffers
dc.contributor.authorBrett R. Van Meerbeek
dc.contributor.authorKoenraad Aartsma
dc.contributor.authorPeter Abdalaze
dc.contributor.authorOtar Abedi
dc.contributor.authorMehdi Aerts
dc.contributor.authorRien Ahmadian
dc.contributor.authorNegar Ahrends
dc.contributor.authorAntje Alatalo
dc.contributor.authorJuha M. Alexander
dc.contributor.authorJake M. Allonsius
dc.contributor.authorCamille Nina Altman
dc.contributor.authorJan Ammann
dc.contributor.authorChristof Andres
dc.contributor.authorChristian Andrews
dc.contributor.authorChristopher Ardo
dc.contributor.authorJonas Arriga
dc.contributor.authorNicola Arzac
dc.contributor.authorAlberto Aschero
dc.contributor.authorValeria Assis
dc.contributor.authorRafael L. Assmann
dc.contributor.authorJakob Johann Bader
dc.contributor.authorMaaike Y. Bahalkeh
dc.contributor.authorKhadijeh Barancok
dc.contributor.authorPeter Barrio
dc.contributor.authorIsabel C. Barros
dc.contributor.authorAgustina Barthel
dc.contributor.authorMatti Basham
dc.contributor.authorEdmund W. Bauters
dc.contributor.authorMarijn Bazzichetto
dc.contributor.authorManuele Marchesini
dc.contributor.authorLuca Belelli Bell
dc.contributor.authorMichael C. Benavides
dc.contributor.authorJuan C. Benito Alonso
dc.contributor.authorJose Luis Berauer
dc.contributor.authorBernd J. Bjerke
dc.contributor.authorJarle W. Bjork
dc.contributor.authorRobert G. Bjorkman
dc.contributor.authorMats P. Bjornsdottir
dc.contributor.authorKatrin Blonder
dc.contributor.authorBenjamin Boeckx
dc.contributor.authorPascal Boike
dc.contributor.authorJulia Bokhorst
dc.contributor.authorStef Brum
dc.contributor.authorBarbara N. S. Bruna
dc.contributor.authorJosef Buchmann
dc.contributor.authorNina Buysse
dc.contributor.authorPauline Camargo
dc.contributor.authorJose Luis Campoe
dc.contributor.authorOtavio C. Candan
dc.contributor.authorOnur Canessa
dc.contributor.authorRafaella Cannone
dc.contributor.authorNicoletta Carbognani
dc.contributor.authorMichele Carnicer
dc.contributor.authorJofre Casanova-Katny
dc.contributor.authorAngelica Cesarz
dc.contributor.authorSimone Chojnicki
dc.contributor.authorBogdan Choler
dc.contributor.authorPhilippe Chown
dc.contributor.authorSteven L. Cifuentes
dc.contributor.authorEdgar F. Ciliak
dc.contributor.authorMarek Contador
dc.contributor.authorTamara Convey
dc.contributor.authorPeter Cooper
dc.contributor.authorElisabeth J. Cremonese
dc.contributor.authorEdoardo Curasi
dc.contributor.authorSalvatore R. Curtis
dc.contributor.authorRobin Cutini
dc.contributor.authorMaurizio Dahlberg
dc.contributor.authorC. Johan Daskalova
dc.contributor.authorGergana N. Angel de Pablo
dc.contributor.authorMiguel Della Chiesa
dc.contributor.authorStefano Dengler
dc.contributor.authorJuergen Deronde
dc.contributor.authorBart Descombes
dc.contributor.authorPatrice Di Cecco
dc.contributor.authorValter Di Musciano
dc.contributor.authorMichele Dick
dc.contributor.authorJan Dimarco
dc.contributor.authorRomina D. Dolezal
dc.contributor.authorJiri Dorrepaal
dc.contributor.authorEllen Dusek
dc.contributor.authorJiri Eisenhauer
dc.contributor.authorNico Eklundh
dc.contributor.authorLars Erickson
dc.contributor.authorTodd E. Erschbamer
dc.contributor.authorBrigitta Eugster
dc.contributor.authorWerner Ewers
dc.contributor.authorRobert M. Exton
dc.contributor.authorDan A. Fanin
dc.contributor.authorNicolas Fazlioglu
dc.contributor.authorFatih Feigenwinter
dc.contributor.authorIris Fenu
dc.contributor.authorGiuseppe Ferlian
dc.contributor.authorOlga Fernandez Calzado
dc.contributor.authorM. Rosa Fernandez-Pascual
dc.contributor.authorEduardo Finckh
dc.contributor.authorManfred Higgens
dc.contributor.authorRebecca Finger Forte
dc.contributor.authorT'ai G. W. Freeman
dc.contributor.authorErika C. Frei
dc.contributor.authorEsther R. Fuentes-Lillo
dc.contributor.authorEduardo Garcia
dc.contributor.authorRafael A. Garcia
dc.contributor.authorMaria B. Geron
dc.contributor.authorCharly Gharun
dc.contributor.authorMana Ghosn
dc.contributor.authorDany Gigauri
dc.contributor.authorKhatuna Gobin
dc.contributor.authorAnne Goded
dc.contributor.authorIgnacio Goeckede
dc.contributor.authorMathias Gottschall
dc.contributor.authorFelix Goulding
dc.contributor.authorKeith Govaert
dc.contributor.authorSanne Graae
dc.contributor.authorBente Jessen Greenwood
dc.contributor.authorSarah Greiser
dc.contributor.authorCaroline Grelle
dc.contributor.authorAchim Guenard
dc.contributor.authorBenoit Guglielmin
dc.contributor.authorMauro Guillemot
dc.contributor.authorJoannes Haase
dc.contributor.authorPeter Haider
dc.contributor.authorSylvia Halbritter
dc.contributor.authorAud H. Hamid
dc.contributor.authorMaroof Hammerle
dc.contributor.authorAlbin Hampe
dc.contributor.authorArndt Haugum
dc.contributor.authorSiri
dc.contributor.authorV Hederova
dc.contributor.authorLucia Heinesch
dc.contributor.authorBernard Helfter
dc.contributor.authorCarole Hepenstrick
dc.contributor.authorDaniel Herberich
dc.contributor.authorMaximiliane Herbst
dc.contributor.authorMathias Hermanutz
dc.contributor.authorLuise Hik
dc.contributor.authorDavid S. Hoffren
dc.contributor.authorRaul Homeier
dc.contributor.authorJuergen Hortnagl
dc.contributor.authorLukas Hoye
dc.contributor.authorToke T. Hrbacek
dc.contributor.authorFilip Hylander
dc.contributor.authorKristoffer Iwata
dc.contributor.authorHiroki Jackowicz-Korczynski
dc.contributor.authorMarcin Antoni Jactel
dc.contributor.authorHerve Jarveoja
dc.contributor.authorJarvi Jastrzebowski
dc.contributor.authorSzymon Jentsch
dc.contributor.authorAnke Jimenez
dc.contributor.authorJuan J. Jonsdottir
dc.contributor.authorIngibjorg S. Jucker
dc.contributor.authorTommaso Jump
dc.contributor.authorAlistair S. Juszczak
dc.contributor.authorRadoslaw Kanka
dc.contributor.authorRobert Kaspar
dc.contributor.authorVit Kazakis
dc.contributor.authorGeorge Kelly
dc.contributor.authorJulia Khuroo
dc.contributor.authorAnzar A. Klemedtsson
dc.contributor.authorLeif Klisz
dc.contributor.authorMarcin Kljun
dc.contributor.authorNatascha Knohl
dc.contributor.authorAlexander Kobler
dc.contributor.authorJohannes Kollar
dc.contributor.authorJozef Kotowska
dc.contributor.authorMartyna M. Kovacs
dc.contributor.authorBence Kreyling
dc.contributor.authorJuergen Lamprecht
dc.contributor.authorAndrea Lang
dc.contributor.authorSimone
dc.contributor.authorI Larson
dc.contributor.authorChristian Larson
dc.contributor.authorKeith Laska
dc.contributor.authorKamil Maire
dc.contributor.authorGuerric Ie Leihy
dc.contributor.authorRachel
dc.contributor.authorI Lens
dc.contributor.authorLuc Liljebladh
dc.contributor.authorBengt Lohila
dc.contributor.authorAnnalea Lorite
dc.contributor.authorJuan Loubet
dc.contributor.authorBenjamin Lynn
dc.contributor.authorJoshua Macek
dc.contributor.authorMartin Mackenzie
dc.contributor.authorRoy Magliulo
dc.contributor.authorEnzo Maier
dc.contributor.authorRegine Malfasi
dc.contributor.authorFrancesco Malis
dc.contributor.authorFrantisek Man
dc.contributor.authorMatej Manca
dc.contributor.authorGiovanni Manco
dc.contributor.authorAntonio Manise
dc.contributor.authorTanguy Manolaki
dc.contributor.authorParaskevi Marciniak
dc.contributor.authorFelipe Matula
dc.contributor.authorRadim Clara Mazzolari
dc.contributor.authorAna Medinets
dc.contributor.authorSergiy Medinets
dc.contributor.authorVolodymyr Meeussen
dc.contributor.authorCamille Merinero
dc.contributor.authorSonia Guimaraes Mesquita
dc.contributor.authorRita de Cassia Meusburger
dc.contributor.authorKatrin Meysman
dc.contributor.authorFilip J. R. Michaletz
dc.contributor.authorSean T. Milbau
dc.contributor.authorAnn Moiseev
dc.contributor.authorDmitry Moiseev
dc.contributor.authorPavel Mondoni
dc.contributor.authorAndrea Monfries
dc.contributor.authorRuth Montagnani
dc.contributor.authorLeonardo Moriana-Armendariz
dc.contributor.authorMikel di Cella
dc.contributor.authorUmberto Morra Moersdorf
dc.contributor.authorMartin Mosedale
dc.contributor.authorJonathan R. Muffler
dc.contributor.authorLena Munoz-Rojas
dc.contributor.authorMiriam Myers
dc.contributor.authorJonathan A. Myers-Smith
dc.contributor.authorIsla H. Nagy
dc.contributor.authorLaszlo Nardino
dc.contributor.authorMarianna Naujokaitis-Lewis
dc.contributor.authorIlona Newling
dc.contributor.authorEmily Nicklas
dc.contributor.authorLena Niedrist
dc.contributor.authorGeorg Niessner
dc.contributor.authorArmin Nilsson
dc.contributor.authorMats B. Normand
dc.contributor.authorSigne Nosetto
dc.contributor.authorMarcelo D. Nouvellon
dc.contributor.authorYann Nunez
dc.contributor.authorMartin A. Ogaya
dc.contributor.authorRoma Ogee
dc.contributor.authorJerome Okello
dc.contributor.authorJoseph Olejnik
dc.contributor.authorJanusz Olesen
dc.contributor.authorJorgen Eivind Opedal
dc.contributor.authorOystein H. Orsenigo
dc.contributor.authorSimone Palaj
dc.contributor.authorAndrej Pampuch
dc.contributor.authorTimo Panov
dc.contributor.authorAlexey
dc.contributor.authorV Partel
dc.contributor.authorMeelis Pastor
dc.contributor.authorAda Pauchard
dc.contributor.authorAnibal Pauli
dc.contributor.authorHarald Pavelka
dc.contributor.authorMarian Pearse
dc.contributor.authorWilliam D. Peichl
dc.contributor.authorMatthias Pellissier
dc.contributor.authorLoic Penczykowski
dc.contributor.authorRachel M. Penuelas
dc.contributor.authorJosep Bon
dc.contributor.authorMatteo Petit Petraglia
dc.contributor.authorAlessandro Phartyal
dc.contributor.authorShyam S. Phoenix
dc.contributor.authorGareth K. Pio
dc.contributor.authorCasimiro Pitacco
dc.contributor.authorAndrea Pitteloud
dc.contributor.authorCamille Plichta
dc.contributor.authorRoman Porro
dc.contributor.authorFrancesco Portillo-Estrada
dc.contributor.authorMiguel Poulenard
dc.contributor.authorJerome Poyatos
dc.contributor.authorRafael Prokushkin
dc.contributor.authorAnatoly S. Puchalka
dc.contributor.authorRadoslaw Puscas
dc.contributor.authorMihai Radujkovic
dc.contributor.authorDajana Randall
dc.contributor.authorKrystal Backes
dc.contributor.authorAmanda Ratier Remmele
dc.contributor.authorSabine Remmers
dc.contributor.authorWolfram Renault
dc.contributor.authorDavid Risch
dc.contributor.authorAnita C. Rixen
dc.contributor.authorChristian Robinson
dc.contributor.authorSharon A. Robroek
dc.contributor.authorBjorn J. M. Rocha
dc.contributor.authorAdrian
dc.contributor.authorV Rossi
dc.contributor.authorChristian Rossi
dc.contributor.authorGraziano Roupsard
dc.contributor.authorOlivier Rubtsov
dc.contributor.authorAlexey
dc.contributor.authorV Saccone
dc.contributor.authorPatrick Sagot
dc.contributor.authorClotilde Sallo Bravo
dc.contributor.authorJhonatan Santos
dc.contributor.authorCinthya C. Sarneel
dc.contributor.authorJudith M. Scharnweber
dc.contributor.authorTobias Schmeddes
dc.contributor.authorJonas Schmidt
dc.contributor.authorMarius Scholten
dc.contributor.authorThomas Schuchardt
dc.contributor.authorMax Schwartz
dc.contributor.authorNaomi Scott
dc.contributor.authorTony Seeber
dc.contributor.authorJulia Segalin de Andrade
dc.contributor.authorAna Cristina Seipel
dc.contributor.authorTim Semenchuk
dc.contributor.authorPhilipp Senior
dc.contributor.authorRebecca A. Serra-Diaz
dc.contributor.authorJosep M. Sewerniak
dc.contributor.authorPiotr Shekhar
dc.contributor.authorAnkit Sidenko
dc.contributor.authorNikita
dc.contributor.authorV Siebicke
dc.contributor.authorLukas Collier
dc.contributor.authorLaura Siegwart Simpson
dc.contributor.authorElizabeth Siqueira
dc.contributor.authorDavid P. Sitkova
dc.contributor.authorZuzana Six
dc.contributor.authorJohan Smiljanic
dc.contributor.authorMarko Smith
dc.contributor.authorStuart W. Smith-Tripp
dc.contributor.authorSarah Somers
dc.contributor.authorBen Sorensen
dc.contributor.authorMia Vedel Souza
dc.contributor.authorJose Joao L. L. Souza
dc.contributor.authorBartolomeu Israel Dias
dc.contributor.authorArildo Souza Spasojevic
dc.contributor.authorMarko J. Speed
dc.contributor.authorJames D. M. Spicher
dc.contributor.authorFabien Stanisci
dc.contributor.authorAngela Steinbauer
dc.contributor.authorKlaus Steinbrecher
dc.contributor.authorRainer Steinwandter
dc.contributor.authorMichael Stemkovski
dc.contributor.authorMichael Stephan
dc.contributor.authorJorg G. Stiegler
dc.contributor.authorChristian Stoll
dc.contributor.authorStefan Svatek
dc.contributor.authorMartin Svoboda
dc.contributor.authorMiroslav Tagesson
dc.contributor.authorTorbern Tanentzap
dc.contributor.authorAndrew J. Tanneberger
dc.contributor.authorFranziska Theurillat
dc.contributor.authorJean-Paul Thomas
dc.contributor.authorHaydn J. D. Thomas
dc.contributor.authorAndrew D. Tielboerger
dc.contributor.authorKatja Tomaselli
dc.contributor.authorMarcello Treier
dc.contributor.authorUrs Albert Trouillier
dc.contributor.authorMario Turtureanu
dc.contributor.authorPavel Dan Tutton
dc.contributor.authorRosamond Tyystjarvi
dc.contributor.authorVilna A. Ueyama
dc.contributor.authorMasahito Ujhazy
dc.contributor.authorKarol Ujhazyova
dc.contributor.authorMariana Uogintas
dc.contributor.authorDomas Urban
dc.contributor.authorAnastasiya
dc.contributor.authorV Urban
dc.contributor.authorJosef Urbaniak
dc.contributor.authorMarek Ursu
dc.contributor.authorTudor-Mihai Vaccari
dc.contributor.authorFrancesco Primo Van de Vondel
dc.contributor.authorStijn van den Brink
dc.contributor.authorLiesbeth Van Geel
dc.contributor.authorMaarten Vandvik
dc.contributor.authorVigdis Vangansbeke
dc.contributor.authorPieter Varlagin
dc.contributor.authorAndrej Veen
dc.contributor.authorG. F. Veenendaal
dc.contributor.authorElmar Venn
dc.contributor.authorSusanna E. Verbeeck
dc.contributor.authorHans Verbrugggen
dc.contributor.authorErik Verheijen
dc.contributor.authorFrank G. A. Villar
dc.contributor.authorLuis Vitale
dc.contributor.authorLuca Vittoz
dc.contributor.authorPascal Vives-Ingla
dc.contributor.authorMaria von Oppen
dc.contributor.authorJonathan Walz
dc.contributor.authorJosefine Wang
dc.contributor.authorRunxi Wang
dc.contributor.authorYifeng Way
dc.contributor.authorRobert G. Wedegartner
dc.contributor.authorRonja E. M. Weigel
dc.contributor.authorRobert Wild
dc.contributor.authorJan Wilkinson
dc.contributor.authorMatthew Wilmking
dc.contributor.authorMartin Wingate
dc.contributor.authorLisa Winkler
dc.contributor.authorManuela Wipf
dc.contributor.authorSonja Wohlfahrt
dc.contributor.authorGeorg Xenakis
dc.contributor.authorGeorgios Yang
dc.contributor.authorYan Yu
dc.contributor.authorZicheng Yu
dc.contributor.authorKailiang Zellweger
dc.contributor.authorFlorian Zhang
dc.contributor.authorJian Zhang
dc.contributor.authorZhaochen Zhao
dc.contributor.authorPeng Ziemblinska
dc.contributor.authorKlaudia Zimmermann
dc.contributor.authorReiner Zong
dc.contributor.authorShengwei Zyryanov
dc.contributor.authorViacheslav
dc.contributor.authorI Nijs
dc.contributor.authorIvan Lenoir
dc.contributor.authorJonathan
dc.date2022
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-01T16:05:36Z
dc.date.available2022-03-01T16:05:36Z
dc.description.abstractResearch in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km(2) resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km(2) pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10 degrees C (mean = 3.0 +/- 2.1 degrees C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 +/- 2.3 degrees C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 +/- 2.3 degrees C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
dc.identifier.citationGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY,Vol.,,2022
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/gcb.16060
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositoriodigital.uct.cl/handle/10925/4502
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWILEY
dc.sourceGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
dc.subject.englishbioclimatic variables
dc.subject.englishglobal maps
dc.subject.englishmicroclimate
dc.subject.englishnear surface temperatures
dc.subject.englishsoil dwelling organisms
dc.subject.englishsoil temperature
dc.subject.englishtemperature offset
dc.subject.englishweather stations
dc.titleGlobal maps of soil temperature
uct.indizacionSCI
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