Temporal dynamics and the influence of environmental variables on the prevalence of avian influenza virus in main wetlands in central Chile
Date
Authors
SANHUEZA FRIGOLETT, JUAN MANUEL
Ruiz, Soledad
Jiménez-Bluhm, Pedro
Di Pillo, Francisca
Baumberger, Cecilia
Galdames, Pablo
Marambio, Victor
Salazar, Carla
Mattar, Cristián B.
Sanhueza, Juan Manuel
Schultz-Cherry, Stacey L.
Ruiz, Soledad
Jiménez-Bluhm, Pedro
Di Pillo, Francisca
Baumberger, Cecilia
Galdames, Pablo
Marambio, Victor
Salazar, Carla
Mattar, Cristián B.
Sanhueza, Juan Manuel
Schultz-Cherry, Stacey L.
Authors
Date
Datos de publicación:
10.1111/tbed.13831
Keywords
Chile - Generalized Linear Mixed Model - Influenza Virus - Ndvi - Wild Birds - Magmax 96 - Mx3000p - Taqman - Rain - Article - Avian Influenza Virus - Bird - Body Size - Climate Change - Disease Transmission - Ecology - Environmental Factor - Feces Analysis - Genetic Reassortment - Geographic Distribution - Global Positioning System - Humidity - Influenza - Microbial Community - Microbial Diversity - Nonhuman - Photosynthesis - Phylogeny - Phylogeography - Prevalence - Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction - Rna Extraction - Sea Surface Temperature - Seasonal Variation - Species Distribution - Temperature - Temporal Dynamics - Vegetation - Virus Detection - Virus Transmission - Waterfowl - Wetland - Animal - Avian Influenza - Chile - Environment - Influenza A Virus - Physiology - Time Factor - Virology - Animals - Birds - Environment - Influenza In Birds - Prevalence - Time Factors - Wetlands
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Abstract
Although wild birds are considered the main reservoir of the influenza A virus (IAV) in nature, empirical investigations exploring the interaction between the IAV prevalence in these populations and environmental drivers remain scarce. Chile has a coastline of more than 4000 kilometres with hundreds of wetlands, which are important habitats for both resident and inter-hemispheric migratory species. The aim of this study was to characterize the temporal dynamics of IAV in main wetlands in central Chile and to assess the influence of environmental variables on AIV prevalence. For that purpose, four wetlands were studied from September 2015 to June 2018. Fresh faecal samples of wild birds were collected for IAV detection by real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, a count of wild birds present at the site was performed and environmental variables, such as temperature, rainfall, vegetation coverage (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) and water body size, were determined. A generalized linear mixed model was built to assess the association between IAV prevalence and explanatory variables. An overall prevalence of 4.28% ± 0.28% was detected with important fluctuations among seasons, being greater during summer (OR = 4.87, 95% CI 2.11 to 11.21) and fall (OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.12 to 5.97). Prevalence was positively associated with minimum temperature for the month of sampling and negatively associated with water body size measured two months before sampling, and NDVI measured three months before sampling. These results contribute to the understanding of IAV ecological drivers in Chilean wetlands providing important considerations for the global surveillance of IAV. © 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Description
Keywords
Chile , Generalized Linear Mixed Model , Influenza Virus , Ndvi , Wild Birds , Magmax 96 , Mx3000p , Taqman , Rain , Article , Avian Influenza Virus , Bird , Body Size , Climate Change , Disease Transmission , Ecology , Environmental Factor , Feces Analysis , Genetic Reassortment , Geographic Distribution , Global Positioning System , Humidity , Influenza , Microbial Community , Microbial Diversity , Nonhuman , Photosynthesis , Phylogeny , Phylogeography , Prevalence , Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rna Extraction , Sea Surface Temperature , Seasonal Variation , Species Distribution , Temperature , Temporal Dynamics , Vegetation , Virus Detection , Virus Transmission , Waterfowl , Wetland , Animal , Avian Influenza , Chile , Environment , Influenza A Virus , Physiology , Time Factor , Virology , Animals , Birds , Environment , Influenza In Birds , Prevalence , Time Factors , Wetlands
Citation
10.1111/tbed.13831