ARIAS ORTEGA, KATERIN ELIZABETH
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Survival Experiences of Mapuche Parents in Multilevel Schools in La Araucanía
This article examines how colonial legacies shape parents schooling experiences in multilevel schools within the Mapuche context of La Araucanía, Chile, also known as WallMapu. Authorities built schools to evangelize Indigenous people into Christianity. Researchers used biographical narratives to reflect the importance of orality for the Mapuche. The findings show that the physical and psychological violence endured by Mapuche children has widened the educational gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. The study concludes that recognizing the harm caused by the school system is essential to rebuild trust and improve educational outcomes for Indigenous children. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
El cuidado como barrera para la participación económica y productiva de mujeres en la agricultura familiar campesina. Estudio bibliográfico de las políticas de desarrollo rural en Chile.
Although women's work in family farming has increased in Chile, the care tasks they perform represent a barrier to their productive participation. For this reason, the way in which current rural development policies, plans and programs assume care as a relevant issue for the economic-productive insertion of rural women was explored. Through a literature review, it is shown that the implications of care in terms of gender have not been characterized in the policies studied. It is concluded that care is a political issue that can articulate intersectoral strategies for rural development with equity between women and men. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Enfoques, bases epistémicas y éticas de la formación del pensamiento pedagógico intercultural en contextos indígenas
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los hallazgos reportados en la literatura académica que permitan sistematizar los enfoques, las bases epistémicas y éticas del proceso de formación del pensamiento pedagógico intercultural. La metodología es cualitativa, basada en el método análisis de contenido. Como resultado se identifican tres enfoques: 1) generalizador, 2) conceptual de la educación intercultural, y 3) contra-hegemónico de la educación. Se encuentran dos bases epistémicas y dos bases éticas que sustentan la formación del pensamiento pedagógico intercultural. Las bases epistémicas son: 1) dominio del contenido intercultural y 2) relaciones transdisciplinarias entre el saber indígena y el conocimiento occidental. Las bases éticas son: 1) configuración del saber pedagógico a través de la memoria histórico-social e 2) integración reflexiva de doble racionalidad. Se concluye que el pensamiento pedagógico intercultural deriva en una visión multidisciplinaria e integral del proceso de formación de personas indígenas y no indígenas.
Traces of monocultural school education of the 20th century: From the voices of wise Mapuches in Araucanía, Chile
The article presents research findings on the significance of schools in an indigenous context, as expressed by Mapuche scholars from La Araucanía, Chile. These scholars are respected members of their community, possessing knowledge of their people s social, cultural, and familial history, language, and culture. They are responsible for transmitting the Mapuche social memory to future generations. The methodology used in this study is qualitative and descriptive. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 indigenous Mapuche people who had undergone formal schooling in monocultural Chilean schools. The participants ranged in age from 40 to 70 years old and were all fluent in their native Mapuche language, the mapunzugun. Thematic analysis revealed categories of central content that emerged from the participants discourse. This acknowledgment allowed for an understanding of the meaning of the school and its impact on the Mapuche context. It is imperative to make visible the psychological, physical, and affective traumas that the school has caused as a result of whitening practices and cultural genocide. Thus, this is an opportunity to advance towards reparation and reconciliation between indigenous and non-indigenous subjects in school education in Chile. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Perceived discrimination among teachers and traditional culture educators in intercultural education in La Araucanía, Chile
The article presents research results on the educational relationship between mentor teachers and traditional culture educators in the implementation of Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (Bilingual Intercultural Education Program, BIEP) in La Araucanía, Chile. Research methodology is mixed, in which a Likert-style scale questionnaire is applied to a total of 155 participants, of which 105 are traditional culture educators and 50 are mentor teachers. Results show practices of explicit and implicit discrimination perceived by Mapuche students in the educational relationship they establish with the teacher. Both mentor teachers and traditional culture educators recognize that an educational relationship of involvement, recognition and collaboration could reverse such discriminatory practices. We conclude that the educational relationship in school education is based on implicit and explicit forms of racism towards the teaching of indigenous language and culture at school. Thus, the discrimination perceived by tradition educators challenges the school and its historical role in the processes of subalternization of the Mapuche people. In this context, there is a need for an intercultural educational intervention that provide a relevant response to the social, cultural, and linguistic diversity present in school education. This constitutes a challenge for directors, teachers, parents, and community members to advance in an inter-epistemic dialogue, based on respect, ethics, political commitment, co-responsibility, negotiation, mediation and abandonment of biased frames of reference © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Indigenous language and social justice as recognition: a participatory study with a Mapuce school
The structure of the national educational system negatively affects the recognition of indigenous Mapuce people, who have been affected with regards to love, equal treatment and social esteem, as understood from the social justice approach of recognition described by Axel Honneth. This is evident in the indigenous knowledge and practices that have been removed from the Chilean school curriculum. This research was carried out through a participatory study using the dialogic-kishu kimkelay ta che methodology, forming a research community with professors, kimces and academics. The results relay, from the voices of the community, the work developed to reverse injustices such as disparagement toward the indigenous language at school, this was achieved through actions for reciprocal recognition based on the incorporation of educational practices associated with the language regarding sonority, nature and territory. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.