LEGAL INEQUALITY, ETHNIC EXCLUSION AND RIGHT TO VOTE. A NORMATIVE AND SOCIO-CULTURAL STUDY WITH AYMARA WOMEN FROM TARAPACA, CHILE
LEGAL INEQUALITY, ETHNIC EXCLUSION AND RIGHT TO VOTE. A NORMATIVE AND SOCIO-CULTURAL STUDY WITH AYMARA WOMEN FROM TARAPACA, CHILE
Authors
Alvarez Diaz, Andrea
Vilches Fuentes, Hugo
Vilches Fuentes, Hugo
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Abstract
Obtaining the right to vote for women in 1949 represents the most important milestone in the struggle for the political rights of women in Chile. However, the process of obtaining a complete universal vote was the product of a long process marked by overcoming different restrictions on the exercise of the right to vote. In the case of Aymara women, these restrictions operated as a triple political exclusion to their citizens' right, articulating gender social hierarchies (until 1949) and, then, class and ethnic hierarchies (until 1970), in order to perform their right to suffrage. In this paper we are interested to place, historically, this demand for civic and citizen recognition of women, and indigenous women in particular, in the dilatory process of democratization of the national society regarding the right to vote. On the one hand, the facts and constitutional norms that account for electoral participation, during the period of post-emancipated Chile until the legislative moment of recognition of the right to vote for women, are analyzed retrospectively, and the subsequent recognition of this right to the illiterate. On the other hand, we describe the way in which an adverse scenario for the political-electoral participation of Aymara women was configured, both due to cultural barriers of the Aymara society, as well as by the invisibility of the indigenous subject by a social and racial hierarchical order.