Los límites del pluralismo jurídico en Venezuela : Tensiones y horizontes del imaginario del Estado nación y la lucha por el reconocimiento de los pueblos indígenas
Los límites del pluralismo jurídico en Venezuela : Tensiones y horizontes del imaginario del Estado nación y la lucha por el reconocimiento de los pueblos indígenas
Authors
El Fakih Rodriguez, Fatima
Faundes Penafiel, Juan Jorge
Faundes Penafiel, Juan Jorge
Authors
Date
Datos de publicación:
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol.30, N°1, 78-101, 2020
Keywords
Estado nación - Venezuela - Pluralismo jurídico - Pueblos indígenas
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Abstract
El proceso constituyente de 1999 en Venezuela arrojó un nuevo texto constitucional que, a lo menos formalmente, reconoció a los pueblos indígenas, les estableció un robusto catálogo de derechos y decía instalar el pluralismo jurídico. Sin embargo, diversos condicionantes fácticos y normativos han limitado o derechamente bloquearon dicho marco general de reconocimiento y el desarrollo del pluralismo jurídico. Veinte años después de esta apertura política y normativa, en medio de una crisis social, política y humanitaria galopante, se hace necesaria la revisión de los condicionantes fácticos y normativos que permitan comprender los límites y eventuales proyecciones del pluralismo jurídico en Venezuela.
En este trabajo se constata, en primer lugar, que en el marco de la crisis que atraviesa Venezuela, han ocurrido un conjunto de transformaciones del imaginario político del estado nación, el cual se venía forjando a partir de la nueva Constitución Bolivariana de 1999 y que hoy se ha desdibujado para reconstituir una nueva forma de hegemonía estado nacional, en una versión que aún no es posible de proyectar. Segundo, por sobre las razones de la crisis en sí, se plantea la pregunta de si, al mismo tiempo, esta crisis y proceso de transformación aún no resuelto, podrá abrir horizontes democráticos e interculturales, como presupuestos de un pluralismo jurídico igualitario efectivo.
The 1999 constitutional process in Venezuela yielded a new consti-tutional text that, at least formally, recognized indigenous peoples, established a robust catalog of rights and claimed to install legal pluralism. However, various factual and normative conditions have limited or rightly blocked this general framework of recognition and the development of legal pluralism. Twenty years after this political and normative opening, in the middle of a galloping social, political and humanitarian crisis, it is necessary to review the factual and normative conditions that allow us to understand the limits and possible projections of legal pluralism in Venezuela. Thus, in this work, it is verified that first, within the framework of the crisis that is going through Venezuela, there have been a set of transformations of the political imaginary of the nation state, which was being forged from the new Bolivarian Constitution of 1999, which today it has blurred to reconstitute a new form of national state hegemony, in a version that is not yet possible to project. Second, over the reasons for the crisis itself, the question arises as to whether, at the same time, this crisis and transformation process not yet resolved, will be able to open democratic and intercultural horizons, as presupposi-tions of an effective egalitarian legal pluralism.
The 1999 constitutional process in Venezuela yielded a new consti-tutional text that, at least formally, recognized indigenous peoples, established a robust catalog of rights and claimed to install legal pluralism. However, various factual and normative conditions have limited or rightly blocked this general framework of recognition and the development of legal pluralism. Twenty years after this political and normative opening, in the middle of a galloping social, political and humanitarian crisis, it is necessary to review the factual and normative conditions that allow us to understand the limits and possible projections of legal pluralism in Venezuela. Thus, in this work, it is verified that first, within the framework of the crisis that is going through Venezuela, there have been a set of transformations of the political imaginary of the nation state, which was being forged from the new Bolivarian Constitution of 1999, which today it has blurred to reconstitute a new form of national state hegemony, in a version that is not yet possible to project. Second, over the reasons for the crisis itself, the question arises as to whether, at the same time, this crisis and transformation process not yet resolved, will be able to open democratic and intercultural horizons, as presupposi-tions of an effective egalitarian legal pluralism.