La política migratoria común de la Unión Europea: efectos políticos de su ausencia
La política migratoria común de la Unión Europea: efectos políticos de su ausencia
Authors
Guerra Sesma, Daniel
Authors
Date
2019-10-02
Datos de publicación:
10.7770/RCHDYCP-V9N2-ART1820
Keywords
Inmigración - Refugiados - Unión Europea
Collections
Abstract
La política migratoria se ha convertido en el mayor problema político actual de la Unión, junto con la superación definitiva de la crisis del euro y
el Brexit. La falta de un acuerdo definitivo en el reparto de los refugiados sirios que llegaron a las costas griegas en 2015 y 2016, así como la de los procedentes de Libia a Italia desde 2013, ha acentuado la percepción de una Unión Europea
incapaz de dar respuesta a crisis de esta magnitud. Sin embargo, son los Estados miembros los que no han alcanzado un acuerdo definitivo, toda vez que
las competencias sobre inmigración y asilo son básicamente estatales, por más que la Unión puede establecer unas normas básicas de regulación.
Esta situación y esta percepción contribuyen al crecimiento de partidos nacional-populistas que quieren frenar una supuesta “invasión” de migrantes
y refugiados y, por otra parte, recuperar competencias económicas de los Estados volviendo al modelo confederal, es el paradigma intergubernamental el que está poniendo en riesgo una política migratoria común.
En el presente trabajo se estudia la relación entre las tres variables y sus influencias mutuas: organización institucional europea, dificultad en concretar una política migratoria común efectiva y crecimiento de los partidos nacionalpopulistas como expresión de una parte de la ciudadanía europea
Immigration policy has become the biggest political problem currently facing the Union, together with Brexit and finding a definitive solution to the euro crisis. The lack of a definitive agreement on the distribution of Syrian refugees who arrived on the coasts of Greece in 2015 and 2016, as well as refugees arriving in Italy from Libya since 2013, has accentuated the perception of a European Union incapable of responding to a crisis of this magnitude. However, it is the Member States that have not reached a definitive agreement, since the competences on immigration and asylum belong basically to states, although the Union can establish a basic regulatory framework. This situation and this perception contribute to the growth of national-populist parties that want to stop a supposed “invasion” of migrants and refugees on the one hand; and on the other to recover the economic powers of the States, returning to the confederate model. However, it is the purely intergovernmental paradigm that is putting common immigration policy at risk. The present work studies the relationship and the mutual influence existing between three variables: European institutional organization, the difficulty of specifying an effective common migration policy, and the growth of nationalpopulist parties as an expression of a sector of European citizens
Immigration policy has become the biggest political problem currently facing the Union, together with Brexit and finding a definitive solution to the euro crisis. The lack of a definitive agreement on the distribution of Syrian refugees who arrived on the coasts of Greece in 2015 and 2016, as well as refugees arriving in Italy from Libya since 2013, has accentuated the perception of a European Union incapable of responding to a crisis of this magnitude. However, it is the Member States that have not reached a definitive agreement, since the competences on immigration and asylum belong basically to states, although the Union can establish a basic regulatory framework. This situation and this perception contribute to the growth of national-populist parties that want to stop a supposed “invasion” of migrants and refugees on the one hand; and on the other to recover the economic powers of the States, returning to the confederate model. However, it is the purely intergovernmental paradigm that is putting common immigration policy at risk. The present work studies the relationship and the mutual influence existing between three variables: European institutional organization, the difficulty of specifying an effective common migration policy, and the growth of nationalpopulist parties as an expression of a sector of European citizens