El aislamiento social de la conservación de la naturaleza en el bosque templado del sur de Chile. Caso de estudio: Parque Nacional Alerce Andino y Reserva Nacional Llanquihue
El aislamiento social de la conservación de la naturaleza en el bosque templado del sur de Chile. Caso de estudio: Parque Nacional Alerce Andino y Reserva Nacional Llanquihue
Authors
Mardones Rivera, Gonzalo
Authors
Date
2019-04-03
Datos de publicación:
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol. 28, N°2, 141-169, 2018
Keywords
Conservación fortaleza - Areas protegidas - Comunidades locales
Collections
Abstract
La exclusión por acción u omisión de las comunidades locales en el manejo de las áreas protegidas, conocida como ‘conservación fortaleza’, es una
práctica que persiste a pesar del amplio consenso teórico que promueve una mayor integración de la población local en la conservación de la biodiversidad. Este artículo presenta el caso de estudio de dos áreas protegidas en el bosque
templado del sur de Chile en donde, a través del mapeo de actores y el análisis de redes sociales, se ha indagado sobre el grado de vinculación social entre múltiples actores con interés y/o influencia en el área protegida y su zona de amortiguación. Los resultados muestran una baja densidad de relaciones sociales, alta fragmentación de la red social en torno a intereses sectoriales (agricultura, pesca, turismo, entre otras), así como un significativo nivel de aislamiento social del área protegida. Este aislamiento es explicado, en parte, por la
existencia de un modelo de manejo del área protegida que no ha incorporado, principalmente por omisión, la participación de la amplia variedad de actores
locales y regionales, en especial de las comunidades. Esta omisión ha generado un escenario territorial adverso para la gobernanza del área protegida y su zona de amortiguación, creando una situación de riesgo al polarizar la conservación
y el desarrollo en el territorio
Fortress conservation excludes, by action or omission, local communities from the management of protected areas. This is a practice that persists despite broad theoretical consensus towards greater integration of local people in biodiversity conservation. This paper presents the study case of a protected area in the temperate forests of southern Chile, where the degree of linkage between various stakeholders with interest and/or influence in the buffer zone of the protected area has been analyzed through stakeholder mapping and social networks analysis. The results show a low density of the social relationships, high fragmentation of the social network around sectoral interests (agriculture, fishing, tourism, etc.), along with high levels of social isolation of the protected area. This isolation is partially explained, through the application of a protected area management model that has not adequately incorporated the participation of various local and regional stakeholders, particularly communities. This omission has generated an adverse territorial scenario for the governance of the territory and the protected area and its buffer zone, creating a risk situation through the polarization of the conservation and development of the territory
Fortress conservation excludes, by action or omission, local communities from the management of protected areas. This is a practice that persists despite broad theoretical consensus towards greater integration of local people in biodiversity conservation. This paper presents the study case of a protected area in the temperate forests of southern Chile, where the degree of linkage between various stakeholders with interest and/or influence in the buffer zone of the protected area has been analyzed through stakeholder mapping and social networks analysis. The results show a low density of the social relationships, high fragmentation of the social network around sectoral interests (agriculture, fishing, tourism, etc.), along with high levels of social isolation of the protected area. This isolation is partially explained, through the application of a protected area management model that has not adequately incorporated the participation of various local and regional stakeholders, particularly communities. This omission has generated an adverse territorial scenario for the governance of the territory and the protected area and its buffer zone, creating a risk situation through the polarization of the conservation and development of the territory