Los límites del reconocimiento indígena en Chile neoliberal. La implementación del Convenio 169 de la OIT desde la perspectiva de dirigentes Mapuche Williche
Los límites del reconocimiento indígena en Chile neoliberal. La implementación del Convenio 169 de la OIT desde la perspectiva de dirigentes Mapuche Williche
Authors
Aguas, Javier
Héctor, Nahuelpan
Héctor, Nahuelpan
Authors
Date
2019-07-31
Datos de publicación:
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol. 29, N°1, 108-130, 2019
Keywords
Multiculturalismo - Convenio 169 - Neoliberalismo - Mapuche Williche
Collections
Abstract
El Convenio 169 de la OIT fue ratificado por Chile en el 2008, luego de diecisiete años de tramitación en el congreso. Su entrada en vigencia abrió expectativas en algunas organizaciones indígenas, principalmente por su carácter vinculante para el Estado y por contemplar, entre otros aspectos, el
derecho a consulta a los pueblos indígenas sobre materias que les afectan. En este artículo se sostiene que la ratificación e implementación del Convenio 169 de la OIT, debe comprenderse en el contexto de las políticas de reconocimiento a la diferencia cultural asumidas tardía y superficialmente por el Estado en Chile, las que forman parte del giro multicultural neoliberal que se produjo en América Latina durante las tres últimas décadas. En razón de lo anterior y a casi una década de la entrada en vigencia de este Convenio, el artículo efectúa un balance de su implementación desde los puntos de vista y perspectivas de dirigentes mapuche williche, quienes advierten sobre las debilidades en el reconocimiento de derechos y expresan los límites de la “versión chilena” del multiculturalismo neoliberal respecto a trastocar las estructuras históricas y actuales de poder y subordinación que viven los pueblos indígenas
ILO Convention 169 was ratified by Chile in 2008, after seventeen years of parliamentary procedures. Its entry into force generated different expectations in some indigenous organizations, mainly due to its binding character for the state and because it includes, among other aspects, consultations to indigenous peoples concerning issues that may affect them. This article claims that the ratification and implementation of ILO Convention 169 must be understood in terms of cultural differences; assumed late and superficially by the Chilean state due to the neoliberal multicultural model implemented in Latin America during the last three decades. Thus, and almost one decade after the entry into force of this international convention, an evaluation of its implementation is carried out taking into account the perspectives and points of view of Mapuche Williche leaders, who warn about the weaknesses of the recognition of rights, and also express the limits of the “Chilean version” of neoliberal multiculturalism in terms of breaking the historical and current subordination and power structures that affect the indigenous peoples
ILO Convention 169 was ratified by Chile in 2008, after seventeen years of parliamentary procedures. Its entry into force generated different expectations in some indigenous organizations, mainly due to its binding character for the state and because it includes, among other aspects, consultations to indigenous peoples concerning issues that may affect them. This article claims that the ratification and implementation of ILO Convention 169 must be understood in terms of cultural differences; assumed late and superficially by the Chilean state due to the neoliberal multicultural model implemented in Latin America during the last three decades. Thus, and almost one decade after the entry into force of this international convention, an evaluation of its implementation is carried out taking into account the perspectives and points of view of Mapuche Williche leaders, who warn about the weaknesses of the recognition of rights, and also express the limits of the “Chilean version” of neoliberal multiculturalism in terms of breaking the historical and current subordination and power structures that affect the indigenous peoples