Nuevas configuraciones rituales: el contexto sociopolítico de la realización del ngillatun entre los mapuche de Tranaman en el sur de Chile.
Nuevas configuraciones rituales: el contexto sociopolítico de la realización del ngillatun entre los mapuche de Tranaman en el sur de Chile.
Authors
Bustos Barrera, Bárbara
Authors
Date
2012-12-18
Datos de publicación:
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol. 12, Nº 2, 17-34, 2006
Keywords
Nguillatun - Mapuche -- Vida Social y Costumbres
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Abstract
Este trabajo tiene como propósito central comprender las formas que asume hoy el Ngillatun, una de las expresiones rituales centrales de los Mapuche de la zona Sur de Chile.
A partir de un cierto descontento en relación a los estudios sobre poblaciones indígenas en este país que presentan una tendencia que construye y traspasa una imagen “nativista” de los Mapuche, emerge un interés por relevar los complejos procesos de reflexividad cultural a partir de los cuales estos grupos elaboran y significan modos particulares de vincularse a la sociedad no indígena.
Desde este escenario, procuro hacer una descripción completa y detallada de los elementos contextuales involucrados en la realización del Ngillatun del Lof Tranaman destacando la construcción e interpretación que las familias Mapuche de este espacio hacen de la recuperación territorial de una parte de las tierras ancestrales usurpadas durante un período de la historia de este pueblo, al formalizar su demanda territorial al Fondo de Tierras y Aguas Indígenas, FTAI, organismo dependiente de la Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indígena – Conadi.
El análisis recorre el camino seguido por las personas de Tranaman (Región de la Araucanía) hasta que el ritual es ejecutado y revela cómo, a través de la realización del Ngillatun, el colectivo re-significa lo que para unos – en este caso, miembros de la sociedad chilena - constituye la oficialización de un evento, transformándolo desde la ritualización en un proceso de demarcación territorial y re-ocupación del espacio, imprimiendo su propio significado a una herramienta legislativa – el FTAI - representativa de la lógica occidental.
This paper aims at understanding the forms the Nguillatun – one of the main ritual expressions of the Mapuche people in Southern Chile- currently takes. Some papers about indigenous populations in the country showing a trend that builds and offers a “nativist” image of the Mapuche people, have provoked a certain degree of dissatisfaction. This fact has given birth to an interest in highlighting the complex processes of cultural reflexivity from which these groups elaborate and give meaning to particular forms of relating to the non indigenous society. From this scenario, I intend to make a comprehensive and detailed description of the contextual elements involved in the making of the Ngillatun in the Tranaman Lof. Stress is put on the construction and interpretation that Mapuche families living in this community place on the recovery of a piece of their ancestors’ land seized during a period of their history, when formalizing their land demands before the Fondo de Tierras y Aguas Indígenas (Indigenous Land and Water Fund) (FTAI), agency that depends on the National Corporation of Development of the Indigenous Peoples (Conadi). This analysis covers all actions taken by the people in Tranaman (Araucanía Region) until the rite is performed. It reveals how, by celebrating the Ngillatun, this collective adds a new meaning to what the officialization of this event means for some –in this case, members of the Chilean society – by transforming it, from its ritualization, into a process of land demarcation and re-occupation of the space, by building their own meaning into a legislative tool – the FTAI – which represents the western way of thinking.
This paper aims at understanding the forms the Nguillatun – one of the main ritual expressions of the Mapuche people in Southern Chile- currently takes. Some papers about indigenous populations in the country showing a trend that builds and offers a “nativist” image of the Mapuche people, have provoked a certain degree of dissatisfaction. This fact has given birth to an interest in highlighting the complex processes of cultural reflexivity from which these groups elaborate and give meaning to particular forms of relating to the non indigenous society. From this scenario, I intend to make a comprehensive and detailed description of the contextual elements involved in the making of the Ngillatun in the Tranaman Lof. Stress is put on the construction and interpretation that Mapuche families living in this community place on the recovery of a piece of their ancestors’ land seized during a period of their history, when formalizing their land demands before the Fondo de Tierras y Aguas Indígenas (Indigenous Land and Water Fund) (FTAI), agency that depends on the National Corporation of Development of the Indigenous Peoples (Conadi). This analysis covers all actions taken by the people in Tranaman (Araucanía Region) until the rite is performed. It reveals how, by celebrating the Ngillatun, this collective adds a new meaning to what the officialization of this event means for some –in this case, members of the Chilean society – by transforming it, from its ritualization, into a process of land demarcation and re-occupation of the space, by building their own meaning into a legislative tool – the FTAI – which represents the western way of thinking.