Identification of the risk factors and preventive factors of adolescent pregnancies in the Novena Region (Chile)

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Authors
Baeza, W. B.
Poo F., A. M.
Vasquez, P. O.
Muñoz, N. S.
Vallejos, V. C.
Authors
Date
2012-02-25
Datos de publicación:
10.4067/S0717-75262007000200002
Keywords
Embarazo en adolescencia - Embarazo no deseado - Prevención y control - Factores de riesgo - Embarazo adolescente
Abstract
Objective: To identify and understand factors associated to pregnancy in adolescents under the perspective of the never pregnant adolescent. Methods: Qualitative study undergone on women 15 to 19 years of age. School based sample of women were drawn from 2 schools chosen due to their high pregnancy rate. Four focus groups were created and each one was composed by 14 eligible women. Factors associated to individuals, to family, and to social environment were studied. Triangulation was performed during the study conduction and data analysis. Analysis was done by using ATLAS-ti 4.1. Results: Factors which appear to be favouring pregnancy at the individuals were: "romantic love", no use of contraceptives, low self esteem, male irresponsibility, lack of knowledge in sexuality. At the family level, the factors are: the permit's restriction and paternal negligence. Factors which help in avoiding pregnancy in adolescents at the individual level are: subject's reflexive capacity and project of life. At the family level, protective family and clearly defined limits are the ones which help preventing pregnancy. Social punishment is the main social factor associated. Conclusions: The view of the never pregnant adolescent and the multilevel model used in the focus group will allow decision makers to design strategies at the subject, family and social levels to help in reducing the unwanted pregnancy in adolescents. Main factors here identified are: "romantic love", permit's restriction, paternal negligence as favouring pregnancy; reflexive capacity and protective family are the ones shown as preventives.
Objetivo: Comprender los factores relacionados con el embarazo no planificado en las adolescentes, desde la perspectiva de las escolares nuligestas.Método: Estudio cualitativo de casos, en mujeres entre 15 y 19 años, pertenecientes a dos establecimientos educacionales, con altos índices de embarazo, en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile. Se realizaron cuatro grupos focales, constituidos por 14 adolescentes no embarazadas,identificándose factores en las dimensiones individuales, familiares y sociales. Para el análisis se utilizó el programa ATLAS-ti 4,1. Se trianguló por investigador en la ejecución del estudio y análisis de los datos. Resultados: En la dimensión individual aparecen como relevantes factores de riesgo que favorecen el embarazo (FFE): "amor romántico", no uso de métodos anticonceptivos, baja autoestima, irresponsabilidad masculina y falta de conocimiento en sexualidad. En la dimensión familiar destacan los factores: límite estrecho familiar y negligencia paterna. Surgen factores percibidos por las adolescentes como protectoras del embarazo no planificado (FPE), en la dimensión individual destacan: capacidad reflexiva y proyecto de vida; en la dimensión familiar: "familia cuidadora" y límites claros; y en la dimensión social la categoría o factor con mayor peso es "sanción social". Conclusiones: Entre los hallazgos destacan como FFE relevantes el "amor romántico" y los límites polares familiares. Como FPE, la capacidad de reflexión y "familia cuidadora". Estos elementos debieran ser considerados en la prevención del embarazo no planificado en población adolescente.
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