Voto electrónico en Chile: una evaluación desde una perspectiva técnica, jurídica y política
Voto electrónico en Chile: una evaluación desde una perspectiva técnica, jurídica y política
Authors
Viollier, Pablo
Riveros, Bastián
Riveros, Bastián
Authors
Date
2019-04-02
Datos de publicación:
Cultura, Hombre, Sociedad (CUHSO), Vol. 28, N°2, 12-40, 2018
Keywords
Voto electrónico - Tecnología - Derecho electoral
Collections
Abstract
Durante los últimos años, diversas voces se han hecho parte en el debate sobre la incorporación del voto electrónico en la administración electoral
de Chile. Ya sea por motivos de eficiencia, rapidez en la entrega de resultados o bajo la promesa de mejorar la participación ciudadana, sus promotores ven en su implementación la solución a fenómenos como el aumento sostenido delabstencionismo o eventuales fraudes electorales. No obstante, aplicar soluciones tecnológicas a problemas políticos exige introducir una evaluación que ponga el acento en los derechos políticos propios de todo sistema electoral. De esta forma, la presente investigación apuntará a establecer en qué medida el voto electrónico satisface un análisis de costobeneficio, cuya centralidad serán las garantías democráticas puestas en juego,así como los rasgos esenciales de las tecnologías involucradas en su funcionamiento.
Por tratarse de verdaderas infraestructuras críticas, y tomando en consideración experiencias comparadas, no es posible afirmar que el voto electrónico cumpla con elementos indisociables de un acto de votación: auditabilidad, integridad y secreto del voto. Más aún, por las características propias de estas tecnologías, éstas tres variables no podrán ser verificadas en la práctica, por lo
que la implementación del voto electrónico no resulta adecuada para nuestro sistema electoral.
During the last years, different voices have taken part in the debate on the incorporation of electronic voting in the electoral administration of Chile. Either for reasons of efficiency, rapid delivery of results or under the promise of improving citizen participation, its promoters see in its implementation the solution to phenomena such as the sustained increase in abstention or eventual electoral fraud. However, applying technological solutions to political problems requires introducing an evaluation that puts the emphasis on the political rights of any electoral system. In this way, the present investigation will aim to establish to what extent the electronic vote satisfies a cost-benefit analysis, whose centrality will be the democratic guarantees put into play, as well as the essential features of the technologies involved in its operation. Because of its critical infrastructure nature, and considering comparative experiences, it is not possible to affirm that electronic voting complies with inseparable elements of an act of voting: auditability, integrity and secrecy of the vote. Moreover, due to the characteristics of these technologies, these three variables cannot be verified in practice. Therefore, the implementation of electronic voting is not adequate for our electoral system.
During the last years, different voices have taken part in the debate on the incorporation of electronic voting in the electoral administration of Chile. Either for reasons of efficiency, rapid delivery of results or under the promise of improving citizen participation, its promoters see in its implementation the solution to phenomena such as the sustained increase in abstention or eventual electoral fraud. However, applying technological solutions to political problems requires introducing an evaluation that puts the emphasis on the political rights of any electoral system. In this way, the present investigation will aim to establish to what extent the electronic vote satisfies a cost-benefit analysis, whose centrality will be the democratic guarantees put into play, as well as the essential features of the technologies involved in its operation. Because of its critical infrastructure nature, and considering comparative experiences, it is not possible to affirm that electronic voting complies with inseparable elements of an act of voting: auditability, integrity and secrecy of the vote. Moreover, due to the characteristics of these technologies, these three variables cannot be verified in practice. Therefore, the implementation of electronic voting is not adequate for our electoral system.