El requerimiento de Martín García Óñez de Loyola a los indios de Quilacoya, Rere, Taruchina y Maquegua de 1593, testimonio oficial de parlamentos hispano-mapuches tempranos
El requerimiento de Martín García Óñez de Loyola a los indios de Quilacoya, Rere, Taruchina y Maquegua de 1593, testimonio oficial de parlamentos hispano-mapuches tempranos
Authors
Authors
Date
2015-07-28
Datos de publicación:
Memoria Americana, Cuadernos de Etnohistoria, Vol. 21-2, 66-88, 2013
Keywords
Parlamentos hispano-mapuches - Frontera hispano-mapuche - Diplomacia interétnica
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Abstract
En 1593 el gobernador de Chile, Martín García Óñez de Loyola, sostuvo cuatro encuentros diplomáticos con grupos mapuches en Quilacoya, Rere, Taruchina y ciudad de Imperial. Aunque en el registro documental aparecen como un acto de "Requerimiento" del Gobernador hacia los indígenas, consideramos que en realidad fueron tratados de paz donde ya están operando las formas protocolares y políticas de negociación características de los parlamentos hispano-mapuches coloniales, que constituyen un procedimiento sui generis de relación fronteriza entre colonizador y pueblo indígena. Hacemos una lectura etnohistórica del documento y lo contrastamos con la serie de evidencias etnohistóricas, arqueológicas y lingüísticas, relativas a los parlamentos hispano-mapuches coloniales. En particular, analizamos cuatro aspectos principales: los lugares de los encuentros, las características de los participantes hispanos y mapuches, la organización y desarrollo de las reuniones y los acuerdos alcanzados.
In 1593, the Governor of Chile, Martín García Óñez de Loyola held four diplomatic encounters with Mapuche groups in Quilacoya, Rere, Taruchina and the city of Imperial. Even though the document registering these encounters identifies them as acts of "Requerimiento" from the Governor to the indigenous populations, we propose that they are in fact peace treaties in which the forms of protocol and negotiation policies characterizing the Hispano-Mapuche parlamentos -a sui generis modality of relationship between colonizer and indigenous peoples- are already under way. We undertake an ethno-historic reading of the document contrasting it with a series of ethno-historic, archaeological and linguistic evidence related to the Colonial Spanish-Mapuche treaties, paying special attention to four aspects: locations of the encounters, characteristics of the Spanish and Mapuche participants, organization and development of the meetings, and the agreements reached.
In 1593, the Governor of Chile, Martín García Óñez de Loyola held four diplomatic encounters with Mapuche groups in Quilacoya, Rere, Taruchina and the city of Imperial. Even though the document registering these encounters identifies them as acts of "Requerimiento" from the Governor to the indigenous populations, we propose that they are in fact peace treaties in which the forms of protocol and negotiation policies characterizing the Hispano-Mapuche parlamentos -a sui generis modality of relationship between colonizer and indigenous peoples- are already under way. We undertake an ethno-historic reading of the document contrasting it with a series of ethno-historic, archaeological and linguistic evidence related to the Colonial Spanish-Mapuche treaties, paying special attention to four aspects: locations of the encounters, characteristics of the Spanish and Mapuche participants, organization and development of the meetings, and the agreements reached.